/usr/share/doc/mutt-1.5.21/

File Upload :
llllll

Current File: //usr/share/doc/mutt-1.5.21/manual.txt
The Mutt E-Mail Client Michael Elkins <mmee@@ccss..hhmmcc..eedduu> version 1.5.21 (2010-09-15) _A_b_s_t_r_a_c_t "All mail clients suck. This one just sucks less." -- me, circa 1995 __________________________________________________________________ _T_a_b_l_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_n_t_e_n_t_s 11..  IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn 11..  MMuutttt  HHoommee  PPaaggee 22..  MMaaiilliinngg  LLiissttss 33..  GGeettttiinngg  MMuutttt 44..  MMuutttt  OOnnlliinnee  RReessoouurrcceess 55..  CCoonnttrriibbuuttiinngg  ttoo  MMuutttt 66..  TTyyppooggrraapphhiiccaall  CCoonnvveennttiioonnss 77..  CCooppyyrriigghhtt 22..  GGeettttiinngg  SSttaarrtteedd 11..  CCoorree  CCoonncceeppttss 22..  SSccrreeeennss  aanndd  MMeennuuss 22..11..  IInnddeexx 22..22..  PPaaggeerr 22..33..  FFiillee  BBrroowwsseerr 22..44..  HHeellpp 22..55..  CCoommppoossee  MMeennuu 22..66..  AAlliiaass  MMeennuu 22..77..  AAttttaacchhmmeenntt  MMeennuu 33..  MMoovviinngg  AArroouunndd  iinn  MMeennuuss 44..  EEddiittiinngg  IInnppuutt  FFiieellddss 44..11..  IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn 44..22..  HHiissttoorryy 55..  RReeaaddiinngg  MMaaiill 55..11..  TThhee  MMeessssaaggee  IInnddeexx 55..22..  TThhee  PPaaggeerr 55..33..  TThhrreeaaddeedd  MMooddee 55..44..  MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss  FFuunnccttiioonnss 66..  SSeennddiinngg  MMaaiill 66..11..  IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn 66..22..  EEddiittiinngg  tthhee  MMeessssaaggee  HHeeaaddeerr 66..33..  SSeennddiinngg  CCrryyppttooggrraapphhiiccaallllyy  SSiiggnneedd//EEnnccrryypptteedd  MMeessssaaggeess 66..44..  SSeennddiinngg  FFoorrmmaatt==FFlloowweedd  MMeessssaaggeess 77..  FFoorrwwaarrddiinngg  aanndd  BBoouunncciinngg  MMaaiill 88..  PPoossttppoonniinngg  MMaaiill 33..  CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn 11..  LLooccaattiioonn  ooff  IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn  FFiilleess 22..  SSyynnttaaxx  ooff  IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn  FFiilleess 33..  AAddddrreessss  GGrroouuppss 44..  DDeeffiinniinngg//UUssiinngg  AAlliiaasseess 55..  CChhaannggiinngg  tthhee  DDeeffaauulltt  KKeeyy  BBiinnddiinnggss 66..  DDeeffiinniinngg  AAlliiaasseess  ffoorr  CChhaarraacctteerr  SSeettss 77..  SSeettttiinngg  VVaarriiaabblleess  BBaasseedd  UUppoonn  MMaaiillbbooxx 88..  KKeeyybbooaarrdd  MMaaccrrooss 99..  UUssiinngg  CCoolloorr  aanndd  MMoonnoo  VViiddeeoo  AAttttrriibbuutteess 1100..  MMeessssaaggee  HHeeaaddeerr  DDiissppllaayy 1100..11..  HHeeaaddeerr  DDiissppllaayy 1100..22..  SSeelleeccttiinngg  HHeeaaddeerrss 1100..33..  OOrrddeerriinngg  DDiissppllaayyeedd  HHeeaaddeerrss 1111..  AAlltteerrnnaattiivvee  AAddddrreesssseess 1122..  MMaaiilliinngg  LLiissttss 1133..  UUssiinngg  MMuullttiippllee  SSppooooll  MMaaiillbbooxxeess 1144..  MMoonniittoorriinngg  IInnccoommiinngg  MMaaiill 1155..  UUsseerr--DDeeffiinneedd  HHeeaaddeerrss 1166..  SSppeecciiffyy  DDeeffaauulltt  SSaavvee  MMaaiillbbooxx 1177..  SSppeecciiffyy  DDeeffaauulltt  FFcccc::  MMaaiillbbooxx  WWhheenn  CCoommppoossiinngg 1188..  SSppeecciiffyy  DDeeffaauulltt  SSaavvee  FFiilleennaammee  aanndd  DDeeffaauulltt  FFcccc::  MMaaiillbbooxx  aatt  OOnnccee 1199..  CChhaannggee  SSeettttiinnggss  BBaasseedd  UUppoonn  MMeessssaaggee  RReecciippiieennttss 2200..  CChhaannggee  SSeettttiinnggss  BBeeffoorree  FFoorrmmaattttiinngg  aa  MMeessssaaggee 2211..  CChhoooossiinngg  tthhee  CCrryyppttooggrraapphhiicc  KKeeyy  ooff  tthhee  RReecciippiieenntt 2222..  AAddddiinngg  KKeeyy  SSeeqquueenncceess  ttoo  tthhee  KKeeyybbooaarrdd  BBuuffffeerr 2233..  EExxeeccuuttiinngg  FFuunnccttiioonnss 2244..  MMeessssaaggee  SSccoorriinngg 2255..  SSppaamm  DDeetteeccttiioonn 2266..  SSeettttiinngg  aanndd  QQuueerryyiinngg  VVaarriiaabblleess 2266..11..  VVaarriiaabbllee  TTyyppeess 2266..22..  CCoommmmaannddss 2266..33..  UUsseerr--DDeeffiinneedd  VVaarriiaabblleess 2266..44..  TTyyppee  CCoonnvveerrssiioonnss 2277..  RReeaaddiinngg  IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn  CCoommmmaannddss  FFrroomm  AAnnootthheerr  FFiillee 2288..  RReemmoovviinngg  HHooookkss 2299..  FFoorrmmaatt  SSttrriinnggss 2299..11..  BBaassiicc  uussaaggee 2299..22..  CCoonnddiittiioonnaallss 2299..33..  FFiilltteerrss 2299..44..  PPaaddddiinngg 44..  AAddvvaanncceedd  UUssaaggee 11..  CChhaarraacctteerr  SSeett  HHaannddlliinngg 22..  RReegguullaarr  EExxpprreessssiioonnss 33..  PPaatttteerrnnss::  SSeeaarrcchhiinngg,,  LLiimmiittiinngg  aanndd  TTaaggggiinngg 33..11..  PPaatttteerrnn  MMooddiiffiieerr 33..22..  SSiimmppllee  SSeeaarrcchheess 33..33..  NNeessttiinngg  aanndd  BBoooolleeaann  OOppeerraattoorrss 33..44..  SSeeaarrcchhiinngg  bbyy  DDaattee 44..  UUssiinngg  TTaaggss 55..  UUssiinngg  HHooookkss 55..11..  MMeessssaaggee  MMaattcchhiinngg  iinn  HHooookkss 66..  EExxtteerrnnaall  AAddddrreessss  QQuueerriieess 77..  MMaaiillbbooxx  FFoorrmmaattss 88..  MMaaiillbbooxx  SShhoorrttccuuttss 99..  HHaannddlliinngg  MMaaiilliinngg  LLiissttss 1100..  NNeeww  MMaaiill  DDeetteeccttiioonn 1100..11..  HHooww  NNeeww  MMaaiill  DDeetteeccttiioonn  WWoorrkkss 1100..22..  PPoolllliinngg  FFoorr  NNeeww  MMaaiill 1111..  EEddiittiinngg  TThhrreeaaddss 1111..11..  LLiinnkkiinngg  TThhrreeaaddss 1111..22..  BBrreeaakkiinngg  TThhrreeaaddss 1122..  DDeelliivveerryy  SSttaattuuss  NNoottiiffiiccaattiioonn  ((DDSSNN))  SSuuppppoorrtt 1133..  SSttaarrtt  aa  WWWWWW  BBrroowwsseerr  oonn  UURRLLss 1144..  MMiisscceellllaannyy 55..  MMuutttt''ss  MMIIMMEE  SSuuppppoorrtt 11..  UUssiinngg  MMIIMMEE  iinn  MMuutttt 11..11..  MMIIMMEE  OOvveerrvviieeww 11..22..  VViieewwiinngg  MMIIMMEE  MMeessssaaggeess  iinn  tthhee  PPaaggeerr 11..33..  TThhee  AAttttaacchhmmeenntt  MMeennuu 11..44..  TThhee  CCoommppoossee  MMeennuu 22..  MMIIMMEE  TTyyppee  CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  wwiitthh  mmiimmee..ttyyppeess 33..  MMIIMMEE  VViieewweerr  CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  wwiitthh  MMaaiillccaapp 33..11..  TThhee  BBaassiiccss  ooff  tthhee  MMaaiillccaapp  FFiillee 33..22..  SSeeccuurree  UUssee  ooff  MMaaiillccaapp 33..33..  AAddvvaanncceedd  MMaaiillccaapp  UUssaaggee 33..44..  EExxaammppllee  MMaaiillccaapp  FFiilleess 44..  MMIIMMEE  AAuuttoovviieeww 55..  MMIIMMEE  MMuullttiippaarrtt//AAlltteerrnnaattiivvee 66..  AAttttaacchhmmeenntt  SSeeaarrcchhiinngg  aanndd  CCoouunnttiinngg 77..  MMIIMMEE  LLooookkuupp 66..  OOppttiioonnaall  FFeeaattuurreess 11..  GGeenneerraall  NNootteess 11..11..  EEnnaabblliinngg//DDiissaabblliinngg  FFeeaattuurreess 11..22..  UURRLL  SSyynnttaaxx 22..  SSSSLL//TTLLSS  SSuuppppoorrtt 33..  PPOOPP33  SSuuppppoorrtt 44..  IIMMAAPP  SSuuppppoorrtt 44..11..  TThhee  IIMMAAPP  FFoollddeerr  BBrroowwsseerr 44..22..  AAuutthheennttiiccaattiioonn 55..  SSMMTTPP  SSuuppppoorrtt 66..  MMaannaaggiinngg  MMuullttiippllee  AAccccoouunnttss 77..  LLooccaall  CCaacchhiinngg 77..11..  HHeeaaddeerr  CCaacchhiinngg 77..22..  BBooddyy  CCaacchhiinngg 77..33..  CCaacchhee  DDiirreeccttoorriieess 77..44..  MMaaiinntteennaannccee 88..  EExxaacctt  AAddddrreessss  GGeenneerraattiioonn 99..  SSeennddiinngg  AAnnoonnyymmoouuss  MMeessssaaggeess  vviiaa  MMiixxmmaasstteerr 77..  SSeeccuurriittyy  CCoonnssiiddeerraattiioonnss 11..  PPaasssswwoorrddss 22..  TTeemmppoorraarryy  FFiilleess 33..  IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn  LLeeaakkss 33..11..  MMeessssaaggee--IIdd::  hheeaaddeerrss 33..22..  mmaaiillttoo::--ssttyyllee  LLiinnkkss 44..  EExxtteerrnnaall  AApppplliiccaattiioonnss 88..  PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee  TTuunniinngg 11..  RReeaaddiinngg  aanndd  WWrriittiinngg  MMaaiillbbooxxeess 22..  RReeaaddiinngg  MMeessssaaggeess  ffrroomm  RReemmoottee  FFoollddeerrss 33..  SSeeaarrcchhiinngg  aanndd  LLiimmiittiinngg 99..  RReeffeerreennccee 11..  CCoommmmaanndd--LLiinnee  OOppttiioonnss 22..  CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  CCoommmmaannddss 33..  CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  VVaarriiaabblleess 33..11..  aabboorrtt__nnoossuubbjjeecctt 33..22..  aabboorrtt__uunnmmooddiiffiieedd 33..33..  aalliiaass__ffiillee 33..44..  aalliiaass__ffoorrmmaatt 33..55..  aallllooww__88bbiitt 33..66..  aallllooww__aannssii 33..77..  aarrrrooww__ccuurrssoorr 33..88..  aasscciiii__cchhaarrss 33..99..  aasskkbbcccc 33..1100..  aasskkcccc 33..1111..  aassssuummeedd__cchhaarrsseett 33..1122..  aattttaacchh__cchhaarrsseett 33..1133..  aattttaacchh__ffoorrmmaatt 33..1144..  aattttaacchh__sseepp 33..1155..  aattttaacchh__sspplliitt 33..1166..  aattttrriibbuuttiioonn 33..1177..  aauuttoo__ttaagg 33..1188..  aauuttooeeddiitt 33..1199..  bbeeeepp 33..2200..  bbeeeepp__nneeww 33..2211..  bboouunnccee 33..2222..  bboouunnccee__ddeelliivveerreedd 33..2233..  bbrraaiillllee__ffrriieennddllyy 33..2244..  cceerrttiiffiiccaattee__ffiillee 33..2255..  cchhaarrsseett 33..2266..  cchheecckk__mmbbooxx__ssiizzee 33..2277..  cchheecckk__nneeww 33..2288..  ccoollllaappssee__uunnrreeaadd 33..2299..  ccoommppoossee__ffoorrmmaatt 33..3300..  ccoonnffiigg__cchhaarrsseett 33..3311..  ccoonnffiirrmmaappppeenndd 33..3322..  ccoonnffiirrmmccrreeaattee 33..3333..  ccoonnnneecctt__ttiimmeeoouutt 33..3344..  ccoonntteenntt__ttyyppee 33..3355..  ccooppyy 33..3366..  ccrryypptt__aauuttooeennccrryypptt 33..3377..  ccrryypptt__aauuttooppggpp 33..3388..  ccrryypptt__aauuttoossiiggnn 33..3399..  ccrryypptt__aauuttoossmmiimmee 33..4400..  ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyeennccrryypptt 33..4411..  ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyssiiggnn 33..4422..  ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyssiiggnneennccrryypptteedd 33..4433..  ccrryypptt__ttiimmeessttaammpp 33..4444..  ccrryypptt__uussee__ggppggmmee 33..4455..  ccrryypptt__uussee__ppkkaa 33..4466..  ccrryypptt__vveerriiffyy__ssiigg 33..4477..  ddaattee__ffoorrmmaatt 33..4488..  ddeeffaauulltt__hhooookk 33..4499..  ddeelleettee 33..5500..  ddeelleettee__uunnttaagg 33..5511..  ddiiggeesstt__ccoollllaappssee 33..5522..  ddiissppllaayy__ffiilltteerr 33..5533..  ddssnn__nnoottiiffyy 33..5544..  ddssnn__rreettuurrnn 33..5555..  dduupplliiccaattee__tthhrreeaaddss 33..5566..  eeddiitt__hheeaaddeerrss 33..5577..  eeddiittoorr 33..5588..  eennccooddee__ffrroomm 33..5599..  eennvveellooppee__ffrroomm__aaddddrreessss 33..6600..  eessccaappee 33..6611..  ffaasstt__rreeppllyy 33..6622..  ffcccc__aattttaacchh 33..6633..  ffcccc__cclleeaarr 33..6644..  ffoollddeerr 33..6655..  ffoollddeerr__ffoorrmmaatt 33..6666..  ffoolllloowwuupp__ttoo 33..6677..  ffoorrccee__nnaammee 33..6688..  ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccooddee 33..6699..  ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccrryypptt 33..7700..  ffoorrwwaarrdd__eeddiitt 33..7711..  ffoorrwwaarrdd__ffoorrmmaatt 33..7722..  ffoorrwwaarrdd__qquuoottee 33..7733..  ffrroomm 33..7744..  ggeeccooss__mmaasskk 33..7755..  hhddrrss 33..7766..  hheeaaddeerr 33..7777..  hheeaaddeerr__ccaacchhee 33..7788..  hheeaaddeerr__ccaacchhee__ccoommpprreessss 33..7799..  hheellpp 33..8800..  hhiiddddeenn__hhoosstt 33..8811..  hhiiddee__lliimmiitteedd 33..8822..  hhiiddee__mmiissssiinngg 33..8833..  hhiiddee__tthhrreeaadd__ssuubbjjeecctt 33..8844..  hhiiddee__ttoopp__lliimmiitteedd 33..8855..  hhiiddee__ttoopp__mmiissssiinngg 33..8866..  hhiissttoorryy 33..8877..  hhiissttoorryy__ffiillee 33..8888..  hhoonnoorr__ddiissppoossiittiioonn 33..8899..  hhoonnoorr__ffoolllloowwuupp__ttoo 33..9900..  hhoossttnnaammee 33..9911..  iiggnnoorree__lliinneeaarr__wwhhiittee__ssppaaccee 33..9922..  iiggnnoorree__lliisstt__rreeppllyy__ttoo 33..9933..  iimmaapp__aauutthheennttiiccaattoorrss 33..9944..  iimmaapp__cchheecckk__ssuubbssccrriibbeedd 33..9955..  iimmaapp__ddeelliimm__cchhaarrss 33..9966..  iimmaapp__hheeaaddeerrss 33..9977..  iimmaapp__iiddllee 33..9988..  iimmaapp__kkeeeeppaalliivvee 33..9999..  iimmaapp__lliisstt__ssuubbssccrriibbeedd 33..110000..  iimmaapp__llooggiinn 33..110011..  iimmaapp__ppaassss 33..110022..  iimmaapp__ppaassssiivvee 33..110033..  iimmaapp__ppeeeekk 33..110044..  iimmaapp__ppiippeelliinnee__ddeepptthh 33..110055..  iimmaapp__sseerrvveerrnnooiissee 33..110066..  iimmaapp__uusseerr 33..110077..  iimmpplliicciitt__aauuttoovviieeww 33..110088..  iinncclluuddee 33..110099..  iinncclluuddee__oonnllyyffiirrsstt 33..111100..  iinnddeenntt__ssttrriinngg 33..111111..  iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt 33..111122..  iissppeellll 33..111133..  kkeeeepp__ffllaaggggeedd 33..111144..  llooccaallee 33..111155..  mmaaiill__cchheecckk 33..111166..  mmaaiill__cchheecckk__rreecceenntt 33..111177..  mmaaiillccaapp__ppaatthh 33..111188..  mmaaiillccaapp__ssaanniittiizzee 33..111199..  mmaaiillddiirr__hheeaaddeerr__ccaacchhee__vveerriiffyy 33..112200..  mmaaiillddiirr__ttrraasshh 33..112211..  mmaarrkk__oolldd 33..112222..  mmaarrkkeerrss 33..112233..  mmaasskk 33..112244..  mmbbooxx 33..112255..  mmbbooxx__ttyyppee 33..112266..  mmeennuu__ccoonntteexxtt 33..112277..  mmeennuu__mmoovvee__ooffff 33..112288..  mmeennuu__ssccrroollll 33..112299..  mmeessssaaggee__ccaacchhee__cclleeaann 33..113300..  mmeessssaaggee__ccaacchheeddiirr 33..113311..  mmeessssaaggee__ffoorrmmaatt 33..113322..  mmeettaa__kkeeyy 33..113333..  mmeettoooo 33..113344..  mmhh__ppuurrggee 33..113355..  mmhh__sseeqq__ffllaaggggeedd 33..113366..  mmhh__sseeqq__rreepplliieedd 33..113377..  mmhh__sseeqq__uunnsseeeenn 33..113388..  mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd 33..113399..  mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccooddee 33..114400..  mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd__rreesstt 33..114411..  mmoovvee 33..114422..  nnaarrrrooww__ttrreeee 33..114433..  nneett__iinncc 33..114444..  ppaaggeerr 33..114455..  ppaaggeerr__ccoonntteexxtt 33..114466..  ppaaggeerr__ffoorrmmaatt 33..114477..  ppaaggeerr__iinnddeexx__lliinneess 33..114488..  ppaaggeerr__ssttoopp 33..114499..  ppggpp__aauuttoo__ddeeccooddee 33..115500..  ppggpp__aauuttooiinnlliinnee 33..115511..  ppggpp__cchheecckk__eexxiitt 33..115522..  ppggpp__cclleeaarrssiiggnn__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115533..  ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115544..  ppggpp__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115555..  ppggpp__eennccrryypptt__oonnllyy__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115566..  ppggpp__eennccrryypptt__ssiiggnn__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115577..  ppggpp__eennttrryy__ffoorrmmaatt 33..115588..  ppggpp__eexxppoorrtt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115599..  ppggpp__ggeettkkeeyyss__ccoommmmaanndd 33..116600..  ppggpp__ggoooodd__ssiiggnn 33..116611..  ppggpp__iiggnnoorree__ssuubbkkeeyyss 33..116622..  ppggpp__iimmppoorrtt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..116633..  ppggpp__lliisstt__ppuubbrriinngg__ccoommmmaanndd 33..116644..  ppggpp__lliisstt__sseeccrriinngg__ccoommmmaanndd 33..116655..  ppggpp__lloonngg__iiddss 33..116666..  ppggpp__mmiimmee__aauuttoo 33..116677..  ppggpp__rreeppllyyiinnlliinnee 33..116688..  ppggpp__rreettaaiinnaabbllee__ssiiggss 33..116699..  ppggpp__sshhooww__uunnuussaabbllee 33..117700..  ppggpp__ssiiggnn__aass 33..117711..  ppggpp__ssiiggnn__ccoommmmaanndd 33..117722..  ppggpp__ssoorrtt__kkeeyyss 33..117733..  ppggpp__ssttrriicctt__eenncc 33..117744..  ppggpp__ttiimmeeoouutt 33..117755..  ppggpp__uussee__ggppgg__aaggeenntt 33..117766..  ppggpp__vveerriiffyy__ccoommmmaanndd 33..117777..  ppggpp__vveerriiffyy__kkeeyy__ccoommmmaanndd 33..117788..  ppiippee__ddeeccooddee 33..117799..  ppiippee__sseepp 33..118800..  ppiippee__sspplliitt 33..118811..  ppoopp__aauutthh__ttrryy__aallll 33..118822..  ppoopp__aauutthheennttiiccaattoorrss 33..118833..  ppoopp__cchheecckkiinntteerrvvaall 33..118844..  ppoopp__ddeelleettee 33..118855..  ppoopp__hhoosstt 33..118866..  ppoopp__llaasstt 33..118877..  ppoopp__ppaassss 33..118888..  ppoopp__rreeccoonnnneecctt 33..118899..  ppoopp__uusseerr 33..119900..  ppoosstt__iinnddeenntt__ssttrriinngg 33..119911..  ppoossttppoonnee 33..119922..  ppoossttppoonneedd 33..119933..  pprreeccoonnnneecctt 33..119944..  pprriinntt 33..119955..  pprriinntt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..119966..  pprriinntt__ddeeccooddee 33..119977..  pprriinntt__sspplliitt 33..119988..  pprroommpptt__aafftteerr 33..119999..  qquueerryy__ccoommmmaanndd 33..220000..  qquueerryy__ffoorrmmaatt 33..220011..  qquuiitt 33..220022..  qquuoottee__rreeggeexxpp 33..220033..  rreeaadd__iinncc 33..220044..  rreeaadd__oonnllyy 33..220055..  rreeaallnnaammee 33..220066..  rreeccaallll 33..220077..  rreeccoorrdd 33..220088..  rreeppllyy__rreeggeexxpp 33..220099..  rreeppllyy__sseellff 33..221100..  rreeppllyy__ttoo 33..221111..  rreessoollvvee 33..221122..  rreevveerrssee__aalliiaass 33..221133..  rreevveerrssee__nnaammee 33..221144..  rreevveerrssee__rreeaallnnaammee 33..221155..  rrffcc22004477__ppaarraammeetteerrss 33..221166..  ssaavvee__aaddddrreessss 33..221177..  ssaavvee__eemmppttyy 33..221188..  ssaavvee__hhiissttoorryy 33..221199..  ssaavvee__nnaammee 33..222200..  ssccoorree 33..222211..  ssccoorree__tthhrreesshhoolldd__ddeelleettee 33..222222..  ssccoorree__tthhrreesshhoolldd__ffllaagg 33..222233..  ssccoorree__tthhrreesshhoolldd__rreeaadd 33..222244..  sseeaarrcchh__ccoonntteexxtt 33..222255..  sseenndd__cchhaarrsseett 33..222266..  sseennddmmaaiill 33..222277..  sseennddmmaaiill__wwaaiitt 33..222288..  sshheellll 33..222299..  ssiigg__ddaasshheess 33..223300..  ssiigg__oonn__ttoopp 33..223311..  ssiiggnnaattuurree 33..223322..  ssiimmppllee__sseeaarrcchh 33..223333..  sslleeeepp__ttiimmee 33..223344..  ssmmaarrtt__wwrraapp 33..223355..  ssmmiilleeyyss 33..223366..  ssmmiimmee__aasskk__cceerrtt__llaabbeell 33..223377..  ssmmiimmee__ccaa__llooccaattiioonn 33..223388..  ssmmiimmee__cceerrttiiffiiccaatteess 33..223399..  ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224400..  ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__uussee__ddeeffaauulltt__kkeeyy 33..224411..  ssmmiimmee__ddeeffaauulltt__kkeeyy 33..224422..  ssmmiimmee__eennccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224433..  ssmmiimmee__eennccrryypptt__wwiitthh 33..224444..  ssmmiimmee__ggeett__cceerrtt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224455..  ssmmiimmee__ggeett__cceerrtt__eemmaaiill__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224466..  ssmmiimmee__ggeett__ssiiggnneerr__cceerrtt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224477..  ssmmiimmee__iimmppoorrtt__cceerrtt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224488..  ssmmiimmee__iiss__ddeeffaauulltt 33..224499..  ssmmiimmee__kkeeyyss 33..225500..  ssmmiimmee__ppkk77oouutt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..225511..  ssmmiimmee__ssiiggnn__ccoommmmaanndd 33..225522..  ssmmiimmee__ssiiggnn__ooppaaqquuee__ccoommmmaanndd 33..225533..  ssmmiimmee__ttiimmeeoouutt 33..225544..  ssmmiimmee__vveerriiffyy__ccoommmmaanndd 33..225555..  ssmmiimmee__vveerriiffyy__ooppaaqquuee__ccoommmmaanndd 33..225566..  ssmmttpp__aauutthheennttiiccaattoorrss 33..225577..  ssmmttpp__ppaassss 33..225588..  ssmmttpp__uurrll 33..225599..  ssoorrtt 33..226600..  ssoorrtt__aalliiaass 33..226611..  ssoorrtt__aauuxx 33..226622..  ssoorrtt__bbrroowwsseerr 33..226633..  ssoorrtt__rree 33..226644..  ssppaamm__sseeppaarraattoorr 33..226655..  ssppoooollffiillee 33..226666..  ssssll__ccaa__cceerrttiiffiiccaatteess__ffiillee 33..226677..  ssssll__cclliieenntt__cceerrtt 33..226688..  ssssll__ffoorrccee__ttllss 33..226699..  ssssll__mmiinn__ddhh__pprriimmee__bbiittss 33..227700..  ssssll__ssttaarrttttllss 33..227711..  ssssll__uussee__ssssllvv33 33..227722..  ssssll__uussee__ttllssvv11 33..227733..  ssssll__uussee__ttllssvv11__11 33..227744..  ssssll__uussee__ttllssvv11__22 33..227755..  ssssll__vveerriiffyy__ddaatteess 33..227766..  ssssll__vveerriiffyy__hhoosstt 33..227777..  ssttaattuuss__cchhaarrss 33..227788..  ssttaattuuss__ffoorrmmaatt 33..227799..  ssttaattuuss__oonn__ttoopp 33..228800..  ssttrriicctt__tthhrreeaaddss 33..228811..  ssuussppeenndd 33..228822..  tteexxtt__fflloowweedd 33..228833..  tthhoorroouugghh__sseeaarrcchh 33..228844..  tthhrreeaadd__rreecceeiivveedd 33..228855..  ttiillddee 33..228866..  ttiimmee__iinncc 33..228877..  ttiimmeeoouutt 33..228888..  ttmmppddiirr 33..228899..  ttoo__cchhaarrss 33..229900..  ttuunnnneell 33..229911..  uunnccoollllaappssee__jjuummpp 33..229922..  uussee__88bbiittmmiimmee 33..229933..  uussee__ddoommaaiinn 33..229944..  uussee__eennvveellooppee__ffrroomm 33..229955..  uussee__ffrroomm 33..229966..  uussee__iiddnn 33..229977..  uussee__iippvv66 33..229988..  uusseerr__aaggeenntt 33..229999..  vviissuuaall 33..330000..  wwaaiitt__kkeeyy 33..330011..  wweeeedd 33..330022..  wwrraapp 33..330033..  wwrraapp__hheeaaddeerrss 33..330044..  wwrraapp__sseeaarrcchh 33..330055..  wwrraappmmaarrggiinn 33..330066..  wwrriittee__bbcccc 33..330077..  wwrriittee__iinncc 44..  FFuunnccttiioonnss 44..11..  GGeenneerriicc  MMeennuu 44..22..  IInnddeexx  MMeennuu 44..33..  PPaaggeerr  MMeennuu 44..44..  AAlliiaass  MMeennuu 44..55..  QQuueerryy  MMeennuu 44..66..  AAttttaacchhmmeenntt  MMeennuu 44..77..  CCoommppoossee  MMeennuu 44..88..  PPoossttppoonnee  MMeennuu 44..99..  BBrroowwsseerr  MMeennuu 44..1100..  PPggpp  MMeennuu 44..1111..  SSmmiimmee  MMeennuu 44..1122..  MMiixxmmaasstteerr  MMeennuu 44..1133..  EEddiittoorr  MMeennuu 1100..  MMiisscceellllaannyy 11..  AAcckknnoowwlleeddggeemmeennttss 22..  AAbboouutt  TThhiiss  DDooccuummeenntt _L_i_s_t_ _o_f_ _T_a_b_l_e_s 1.1. TTyyppooggrraapphhiiccaall  ccoonnvveennttiioonnss  ffoorr  ssppeecciiaall  tteerrmmss 2.1. MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  nnaavviiggaattiioonn  kkeeyyss  iinn  eennttrryy--bbaasseedd  mmeennuuss 2.2. MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  nnaavviiggaattiioonn  kkeeyyss  iinn  ppaaggee--bbaasseedd  mmeennuuss 2.3. MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  lliinnee  eeddiittoorr  kkeeyyss 2.4. MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  mmeessssaaggee  iinnddeexx  kkeeyyss 2.5. MMeessssaaggee  ssttaattuuss  ffllaaggss 2.6. MMeessssaaggee  rreecciippiieenntt  ffllaaggss 2.7. MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  ppaaggeerr  kkeeyyss 2.8. AANNSSII  eessccaappee  sseeqquueenncceess 2.9. CCoolloorr  sseeqquueenncceess 2.10. MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  tthhrreeaadd  mmooddee  kkeeyyss 2.11. MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  mmaaiill  sseennddiinngg  kkeeyyss 2.12. MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  ccoommppoossee  mmeennuu  kkeeyyss 2.13. PPGGPP  kkeeyy  mmeennuu  ffllaaggss 3.1. SSyymmbboolliicc  kkeeyy  nnaammeess 4.1. PPOOSSIIXX  rreegguullaarr  eexxpprreessssiioonn  cchhaarraacctteerr  ccllaasssseess 4.2. RReegguullaarr  eexxpprreessssiioonn  rreeppeettiittiioonn  ooppeerraattoorrss 4.3. GGNNUU  rreegguullaarr  eexxpprreessssiioonn  eexxtteennssiioonnss 4.4. PPaatttteerrnn  mmooddiiffiieerrss 4.5. SSiimmppllee  sseeaarrcchh  kkeeyywwoorrddss 4.6. DDaattee  uunniittss 4.7. MMaaiillbbooxx  sshhoorrttccuuttss 5.1. SSuuppppoorrtteedd  MMIIMMEE  ttyyppeess 9.1. CCoommmmaanndd  lliinnee  ooppttiioonnss 9.2. DDeeffaauulltt  GGeenneerriicc  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.3. DDeeffaauulltt  IInnddeexx  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.4. DDeeffaauulltt  PPaaggeerr  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.5. DDeeffaauulltt  AAlliiaass  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.6. DDeeffaauulltt  QQuueerryy  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.7. DDeeffaauulltt  AAttttaacchhmmeenntt  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.8. DDeeffaauulltt  CCoommppoossee  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.9. DDeeffaauulltt  PPoossttppoonnee  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.10. DDeeffaauulltt  BBrroowwsseerr  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.11. DDeeffaauulltt  PPggpp  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.12. DDeeffaauulltt  SSmmiimmee  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.13. DDeeffaauulltt  MMiixxmmaasstteerr  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss 9.14. DDeeffaauulltt  EEddiittoorr  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss _L_i_s_t_ _o_f_ _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s 3.1. MMuullttiippllee  ccoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  ccoommmmaannddss  ppeerr  lliinnee 3.2. CCoommmmeennttiinngg  ccoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  ffiilleess 3.3. EEssccaappiinngg  qquuootteess  iinn  ccoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  ffiilleess 3.4. SSpplliittttiinngg  lloonngg  ccoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  ccoommmmaannddss  oovveerr  sseevveerraall  lliinneess 3.5. UUssiinngg  eexxtteerrnnaall  ccoommmmaanndd''ss  oouuttppuutt  iinn  ccoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  ffiilleess 3.6. UUssiinngg  eennvviirroonnmmeenntt  vvaarriiaabblleess  iinn  ccoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  ffiilleess 3.7. CCoonnffiigguurriinngg  eexxtteerrnnaall  aalliiaass  ffiilleess 3.8. SSeettttiinngg  ssoorrtt  mmeetthhoodd  bbaasseedd  oonn  mmaaiillbbooxx  nnaammee 3.9. HHeeaaddeerr  wweeeeddiinngg 3.10. CCoonnffiigguurriinngg  hheeaaddeerr  ddiissppllaayy  oorrddeerr 3.11. DDeeffiinniinngg  ccuussttoomm  hheeaaddeerrss 3.12. UUssiinngg  %%--eexxppaannddooss  iinn  ssaavvee--hhooookk 3.13. EEmmbbeeddddiinngg  ppuusshh  iinn  ffoollddeerr--hhooookk 3.14. CCoonnffiigguurriinngg  ssppaamm  ddeetteeccttiioonn 3.15. UUssiinngg  uusseerr--ddeeffiinneedd  vvaarriiaabblleess  ffoorr  ccoonnffiigg  ffiillee  rreeaaddaabbiilliittyy 3.16. UUssiinngg  uusseerr--ddeeffiinneedd  vvaarriiaabblleess  ffoorr  bbaacckkiinngg  uupp  ootthheerr  ccoonnffiigg  ooppttiioonn vvaalluueess 3.17. DDeeffeerrrriinngg  uusseerr--ddeeffiinneedd  vvaarriiaabbllee  eexxppaannssiioonn  ttoo  rruunnttiimmee 3.18. TTyyppee  ccoonnvveerrssiioonnss  uussiinngg  vvaarriiaabblleess 3.19. UUssiinngg  eexxtteerrnnaall  ffiilltteerrss  iinn  ffoorrmmaatt  ssttrriinnggss 4.1. MMaattcchhiinngg  aallll  aaddddrreesssseess  iinn  aaddddrreessss  lliissttss 4.2. UUssiinngg  bboooolleeaann  ooppeerraattoorrss  iinn  ppaatttteerrnnss 4.3. SSppeecciiffyyiinngg  aa  ""ddeeffaauulltt""  hhooookk 5.1. mmiimmee..ttyyppeess 5.2. AAttttaacchhmmeenntt  ccoouunnttiinngg 6.1. UURRLLss 6.2. MMaannaaggiinngg  mmuullttiippllee  aaccccoouunnttss Chapter 1. Introduction _T_a_b_l_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_n_t_e_n_t_s 11..  MMuutttt  HHoommee  PPaaggee 22..  MMaaiilliinngg  LLiissttss 33..  GGeettttiinngg  MMuutttt 44..  MMuutttt  OOnnlliinnee  RReessoouurrcceess 55..  CCoonnttrriibbuuttiinngg  ttoo  MMuutttt 66..  TTyyppooggrraapphhiiccaall  CCoonnvveennttiioonnss 77..  CCooppyyrriigghhtt _M_u_t_t is a small but very powerful text-based MIME mail client. Mutt is highly configurable, and is well suited to the mail power user with advanced features like key bindings, keyboard macros, mail threading, regular expression searches and a powerful pattern matching language for selecting groups of messages. 1. Mutt Home Page The official homepage can be found at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..mmuutttt..oorrgg//. 2. Mailing Lists To subscribe to one of the following mailing lists, send a message with the word _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_b_e in the body to _l_i_s_t_-_n_a_m_e-request@mutt.org. * <mmuutttt--aannnnoouunnccee--rreeqquueesstt@@mmuutttt..oorrgg> -- low traffic list for announcements * <mmuutttt--uusseerrss--rreeqquueesstt@@mmuutttt..oorrgg> -- help, bug reports and feature requests * <mmuutttt--ddeevv--rreeqquueesstt@@mmuutttt..oorrgg> -- development mailing list All messages posted to _m_u_t_t_-_a_n_n_o_u_n_c_e are automatically forwarded to _m_u_t_t_-_u_s_e_r_s, so you do not need to be subscribed to both lists. 3. Getting Mutt Mutt releases can be downloaded from ffttpp::////ffttpp..mmuutttt..oorrgg//mmuutttt//. For a list of mirror sites, please refer to hhttttpp::////wwwwww..mmuutttt..oorrgg//ddoowwnnllooaadd..hhttmmll. For nightly tarballs and version control access, please refer to the MMuutttt  ddeevveellooppmmeenntt  ssiittee. 4. Mutt Online Resources Bug Tracking System The official Mutt bug tracking system can be found at hhttttpp::////bbuuggss..mmuutttt..oorrgg// Wiki An (unofficial) wiki can be found at hhttttpp::////wwiikkii..mmuutttt..oorrgg//. IRC For the IRC user community, visit channel _#_m_u_t_t on iirrcc..ffrreeeennooddee..nneett. USENET For USENET, see the newsgroup ccoommpp..mmaaiill..mmuutttt. 5. Contributing to Mutt There are various ways to contribute to the Mutt project. Especially for new users it may be helpful to meet other new and experienced users to chat about Mutt, talk about problems and share tricks. Since translations of Mutt into other languages are highly appreciated, the Mutt developers always look for skilled translators that help improve and continue to maintain stale translations. For contributing code patches for new features and bug fixes, please refer to the developer pages at hhttttpp::////ddeevv..mmuutttt..oorrgg// for more details. 6. Typographical Conventions This section lists typographical conventions followed throughout this manual. See table TTaabbllee  11..11,,  ""TTyyppooggrraapphhiiccaall  ccoonnvveennttiioonnss  ffoorr  ssppeecciiaall tteerrmmss"" for typographical conventions for special terms. _T_a_b_l_e_ _1_._1_._ _T_y_p_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_a_l_ _c_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _s_p_e_c_i_a_l_ _t_e_r_m_s Item Refers to... printf(3) UNIX manual pages, execute man 3 printf <PageUp> named keys <create-alias> named Mutt function ^G Control+G key combination $mail_check Mutt configuration option $HOME environment variable Examples are presented as: mutt -v Within command synopsis, curly brackets ("{}") denote a set of options of which one is mandatory, square brackets ("[]") denote optional arguments, three dots denote that the argument may be repeated arbitrary times. 7. Copyright Mutt is Copyright (c) 1996-2009 Michael R. Elkins <mmee@@mmuutttt..oorrgg> and others. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. Chapter 2. Getting Started _T_a_b_l_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_n_t_e_n_t_s 11..  CCoorree  CCoonncceeppttss 22..  SSccrreeeennss  aanndd  MMeennuuss 22..11..  IInnddeexx 22..22..  PPaaggeerr 22..33..  FFiillee  BBrroowwsseerr 22..44..  HHeellpp 22..55..  CCoommppoossee  MMeennuu 22..66..  AAlliiaass  MMeennuu 22..77..  AAttttaacchhmmeenntt  MMeennuu 33..  MMoovviinngg  AArroouunndd  iinn  MMeennuuss 44..  EEddiittiinngg  IInnppuutt  FFiieellddss 44..11..  IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn 44..22..  HHiissttoorryy 55..  RReeaaddiinngg  MMaaiill 55..11..  TThhee  MMeessssaaggee  IInnddeexx 55..22..  TThhee  PPaaggeerr 55..33..  TThhrreeaaddeedd  MMooddee 55..44..  MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss  FFuunnccttiioonnss 66..  SSeennddiinngg  MMaaiill 66..11..  IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn 66..22..  EEddiittiinngg  tthhee  MMeessssaaggee  HHeeaaddeerr 66..33..  SSeennddiinngg  CCrryyppttooggrraapphhiiccaallllyy  SSiiggnneedd//EEnnccrryypptteedd  MMeessssaaggeess 66..44..  SSeennddiinngg  FFoorrmmaatt==FFlloowweedd  MMeessssaaggeess 77..  FFoorrwwaarrddiinngg  aanndd  BBoouunncciinngg  MMaaiill 88..  PPoossttppoonniinngg  MMaaiill This section is intended as a brief overview of how to use Mutt. There are many other features which are described elsewhere in the manual. There is even more information available in the Mutt FAQ and various web pages. See the MMuutttt  hhoommeeppaaggee for more details. The keybindings described in this section are the defaults as distributed. Your local system administrator may have altered the defaults for your site. You can always type "?" in any menu to display the current bindings. The first thing you need to do is invoke Mutt, simply by typing mutt at the command line. There are various command-line options, see either the Mutt man page or the rreeffeerreennccee. 1. Core Concepts Mutt is a text-based application which interacts with users through different menus which are mostly line-/entry-based or page-based. A line-based menu is the so-called "index" menu (listing all messages of the currently opened folder) or the "alias" menu (allowing you to select recipients from a list). Examples for page-based menus are the "pager" (showing one message at a time) or the "help" menu listing all available key bindings. The user interface consists of a context sensitive help line at the top, the menu's contents followed by a context sensitive status line and finally the command line. The command line is used to display informational and error messages as well as for prompts and for entering interactive commands. Mutt is configured through variables which, if the user wants to permanently use a non-default value, are written to configuration files. Mutt supports a rich config file syntax to make even complex configuration files readable and commentable. Because Mutt allows for customizing almost all key bindings, there are so-called "functions" which can be executed manually (using the command line) or in macros. Macros allow the user to bind a sequence of commands to a single key or a short key sequence instead of repeating a sequence of actions over and over. Many commands (such as saving or copying a message to another folder) can be applied to a single message or a set of messages (so-called "tagged" messages). To help selecting messages, Mutt provides a rich set of message patterns (such as recipients, sender, body contents, date sent/received, etc.) which can be combined into complex expressions using the boolean _a_n_d and _o_r operations as well as negating. These patterns can also be used to (for example) search for messages or to limit the index to show only matching messages. Mutt supports a "hook" concept which allows the user to execute arbitrary configuration commands and functions in certain situations such as entering a folder, starting a new message or replying to an existing one. These hooks can be used to highly customize Mutt's behavior including managing multiple identities, customizing the display for a folder or even implementing auto-archiving based on a per-folder basis and much more. Besides an interactive mode, Mutt can also be used as a command-line tool only send messages. It also supports a mailx(1)-compatible interface, see TTaabbllee  99..11,,  ""CCoommmmaanndd  lliinnee  ooppttiioonnss"" for a complete list of command-line options. 2. Screens and Menus 2.1. Index The index is the screen that you usually see first when you start Mutt. It gives an overview over your emails in the currently opened mailbox. By default, this is your system mailbox. The information you see in the index is a list of emails, each with its number on the left, its flags (new email, important email, email that has been forwarded or replied to, tagged email, ...), the date when email was sent, its sender, the email size, and the subject. Additionally, the index also shows thread hierarchies: when you reply to an email, and the other person replies back, you can see the other person's email in a "sub-tree" below. This is especially useful for personal email between a group of people or when you've subscribed to mailing lists. 2.2. Pager The pager is responsible for showing the email content. On the top of the pager you have an overview over the most important email headers like the sender, the recipient, the subject, and much more information. How much information you actually see depends on your configuration, which we'll describe below. Below the headers, you see the email body which usually contains the message. If the email contains any attachments, you will see more information about them below the email body, or, if the attachments are text files, you can view them directly in the pager. To give the user a good overview, it is possible to configure Mutt to show different things in the pager with different colors. Virtually everything that can be described with a regular expression can be colored, e.g. URLs, email addresses or smileys. 2.3. File Browser The file browser is the interface to the local or remote file system. When selecting a mailbox to open, the browser allows custom sorting of items, limiting the items shown by a regular expression and a freely adjustable format of what to display in which way. It also allows for easy navigation through the file system when selecting file(s) to attach to a message, select multiple files to attach and many more. 2.4. Help The help screen is meant to offer a quick help to the user. It lists the current configuration of key bindings and their associated commands including a short description, and currently unbound functions that still need to be associated with a key binding (or alternatively, they can be called via the Mutt command prompt). 2.5. Compose Menu The compose menu features a split screen containing the information which really matter before actually sending a message by mail: who gets the message as what (recipients and who gets what kind of copy). Additionally, users may set security options like deciding whether to sign, encrypt or sign and encrypt a message with/for what keys. Also, it's used to attach messages, to re-edit any attachment including the message itself. 2.6. Alias Menu The alias menu is used to help users finding the recipients of messages. For users who need to contact many people, there's no need to remember addresses or names completely because it allows for searching, too. The alias mechanism and thus the alias menu also features grouping several addresses by a shorter nickname, the actual alias, so that users don't have to select each single recipient manually. 2.7. Attachment Menu As will be later discussed in detail, Mutt features a good and stable MIME implementation, that is, it supports sending and receiving messages of arbitrary MIME types. The attachment menu displays a message's structure in detail: what content parts are attached to which parent part (which gives a true tree structure), which type is of what type and what size. Single parts may saved, deleted or modified to offer great and easy access to message's internals. 3. Moving Around in Menus The most important navigation keys common to line- or entry-based menus are shown in TTaabbllee  22..11,,  ""MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  nnaavviiggaattiioonn  kkeeyyss  iinn  eennttrryy--bbaasseedd mmeennuuss"" and in TTaabbllee  22..22,,  ""MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  nnaavviiggaattiioonn  kkeeyyss  iinn  ppaaggee--bbaasseedd mmeennuuss"" for page-based menus. _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._1_._ _M_o_s_t_ _c_o_m_m_o_n_ _n_a_v_i_g_a_t_i_o_n_ _k_e_y_s_ _i_n_ _e_n_t_r_y_-_b_a_s_e_d_ _m_e_n_u_s Key Function Description j or <Down> <next-entry> move to the next entry k or <Up> <previous-entry> move to the previous entry z or <PageDn> <page-down> go to the next page Z or <PageUp> <page-up> go to the previous page = or <Home> <first-entry> jump to the first entry * or <End> <last-entry> jump to the last entry q <quit> exit the current menu ? <help> list all keybindings for the current menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._2_._ _M_o_s_t_ _c_o_m_m_o_n_ _n_a_v_i_g_a_t_i_o_n_ _k_e_y_s_ _i_n_ _p_a_g_e_-_b_a_s_e_d_ _m_e_n_u_s Key Function Description J or <Return> <next-line> scroll down one line <Backspace> <previous-line> scroll up one line K, <Space> or <PageDn> <next-page> move to the next page - or <PageUp> <previous-page> move the previous page <Home> <top> move to the top <End> <bottom> move to the bottom 4. Editing Input Fields 4.1. Introduction Mutt has a built-in line editor for inputting text, e.g. email addresses or filenames. The keys used to manipulate text input are very similar to those of Emacs. See TTaabbllee  22..33,,  ""MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  lliinnee  eeddiittoorr kkeeyyss"" for a full reference of available functions, their default key bindings, and short descriptions. _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._3_._ _M_o_s_t_ _c_o_m_m_o_n_ _l_i_n_e_ _e_d_i_t_o_r_ _k_e_y_s Key Function Description ^A or <Home> <bol> move to the start of the line ^B or <Left> <backward-char> move back one char Esc B <backward-word> move back one word ^D or <Delete> <delete-char> delete the char under the cursor ^E or <End> <eol> move to the end of the line ^F or <Right> <forward-char> move forward one char Esc F <forward-word> move forward one word <Tab> <complete> complete filename or alias ^T <complete-query> complete address with query ^K <kill-eol> delete to the end of the line Esc d <kill-eow> delete to the end of the word ^W <kill-word> kill the word in front of the cursor ^U <kill-line> delete entire line ^V <quote-char> quote the next typed key <Up> <history-up> recall previous string from history <Down> <history-down> recall next string from history <BackSpace> <backspace> kill the char in front of the cursor Esc u <upcase-word> convert word to upper case Esc l <downcase-word> convert word to lower case Esc c <capitalize-word> capitalize the word ^G n/a abort <Return> n/a finish editing You can remap the _e_d_i_t_o_r functions using the bbiinndd command. For example, to make the <Delete> key delete the character in front of the cursor rather than under, you could use: bind editor <delete> backspace 4.2. History Mutt maintains a history for the built-in editor. The number of items is controlled by the $$hhiissttoorryy variable and can be made persistent using an external file specified using $$hhiissttoorryy__ffiillee. You may cycle through them at an editor prompt by using the <history-up> and/or <history-down> commands. But notice that Mutt does not remember the currently entered text, it only cycles through history and wraps around at the end or beginning. Mutt maintains several distinct history lists, one for each of the following categories: * .muttrc commands * addresses and aliases * shell commands * filenames * patterns * everything else Mutt automatically filters out consecutively repeated items from the history. It also mimics the behavior of some shells by ignoring items starting with a space. The latter feature can be useful in macros to not clobber the history's valuable entries with unwanted entries. 5. Reading Mail Similar to many other mail clients, there are two modes in which mail is read in Mutt. The first is a list of messages in the mailbox, which is called the "index" menu in Mutt. The second mode is the display of the message contents. This is called the "pager." The next few sections describe the functions provided in each of these modes. 5.1. The Message Index Common keys used to navigate through and manage messages in the index are shown in TTaabbllee  22..44,,  ""MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  mmeessssaaggee  iinnddeexx  kkeeyyss"". How messages are presented in the index menu can be customized using the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt variable. _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._4_._ _M_o_s_t_ _c_o_m_m_o_n_ _m_e_s_s_a_g_e_ _i_n_d_e_x_ _k_e_y_s Key Description c change to a different mailbox Esc c change to a folder in read-only mode C copy the current message to another mailbox Esc C decode a message and copy it to a folder Esc s decode a message and save it to a folder D delete messages matching a pattern d delete the current message F mark as important l show messages matching a pattern N mark message as new o change the current sort method O reverse sort the mailbox q save changes and exit s save-message T tag messages matching a pattern t toggle the tag on a message Esc t toggle tag on entire message thread U undelete messages matching a pattern u undelete-message v view-attachments x abort changes and exit <Return> display-message <Tab> jump to the next new or unread message @ show the author's full e-mail address $ save changes to mailbox / search Esc / search-reverse ^L clear and redraw the screen ^T untag messages matching a pattern In addition to who sent the message and the subject, a short summary of the disposition of each message is printed beside the message number. Zero or more of the "flags" in TTaabbllee  22..55,,  ""MMeessssaaggee  ssttaattuuss  ffllaaggss"" may appear, some of which can be turned on or off using these functions: <set-flag> and <clear-flag> bound by default to "w" and "W" respectively. Furthermore, the flags in TTaabbllee  22..66,,  ""MMeessssaaggee  rreecciippiieenntt  ffllaaggss"" reflect who the message is addressed to. They can be customized with the $$ttoo__cchhaarrss variable. _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._5_._ _M_e_s_s_a_g_e_ _s_t_a_t_u_s_ _f_l_a_g_s Flag Description D message is deleted (is marked for deletion) d message has attachments marked for deletion K contains a PGP public key N message is new O message is old P message is PGP encrypted r message has been replied to S message is signed, and the signature is successfully verified s message is signed ! message is flagged * message is tagged n thread contains new messages (only if collapsed) o thread contains old messages (only if collapsed) _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._6_._ _M_e_s_s_a_g_e_ _r_e_c_i_p_i_e_n_t_ _f_l_a_g_s Flag Description + message is to you and you only T message is to you, but also to or CC'ed to others C message is CC'ed to you F message is from you L message is sent to a subscribed mailing list 5.2. The Pager By default, Mutt uses its built-in pager to display the contents of messages (an external pager such as less(1) can be configured, see $$ppaaggeerr variable). The pager is very similar to the Unix program less(1) though not nearly as featureful. _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._7_._ _M_o_s_t_ _c_o_m_m_o_n_ _p_a_g_e_r_ _k_e_y_s Key Description <Return> go down one line <Space> display the next page (or next message if at the end of a message) - go back to the previous page n search for next match S skip beyond quoted text T toggle display of quoted text ? show keybindings / regular expression search Esc / backward regular expression search \ toggle highlighting of search matches ^ jump to the top of the message In addition to key bindings in TTaabbllee  22..77,,  ""MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  ppaaggeerr  kkeeyyss"", many of the functions from the index menu are also available in the pager, such as <delete-message> or <copy-message> (this is one advantage over using an external pager to view messages). Also, the internal pager supports a couple other advanced features. For one, it will accept and translate the "standard" nroff sequences for bold and underline. These sequences are a series of either the letter, backspace ("^H"), the letter again for bold or the letter, backspace, "_" for denoting underline. Mutt will attempt to display these in bold and underline respectively if your terminal supports them. If not, you can use the bold and underline ccoolloorr objects to specify a _c_o_l_o_r or mono attribute for them. Additionally, the internal pager supports the ANSI escape sequences for character attributes. Mutt translates them into the correct color and character settings. The sequences Mutt supports are: \e[_P_s;_P_s;.._P_s;m where _P_s can be one of the codes shown in TTaabbllee  22..88,,  ""AANNSSII  eessccaappee sseeqquueenncceess"". _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._8_._ _A_N_S_I_ _e_s_c_a_p_e_ _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_s Escape code Description 0 All attributes off 1 Bold on 4 Underline on 5 Blink on 7 Reverse video on 3_<_c_o_l_o_r_> Foreground color is _<_c_o_l_o_r_> (see TTaabbllee  22..99,,  ""CCoolloorr  sseeqquueenncceess"") 4_<_c_o_l_o_r_> Background color is _<_c_o_l_o_r_> (see TTaabbllee  22..99,,  ""CCoolloorr  sseeqquueenncceess"") _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._9_._ _C_o_l_o_r_ _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e_s Color code Color 0 Black 1 Red 2 Green 3 Yellow 4 Blue 5 Magenta 6 Cyan 7 White Mutt uses these attributes for handling text/enriched messages, and they can also be used by an external aauuttoovviieeww script for highlighting purposes. Note If you change the colors for your display, for example by changing the color associated with color2 for your xterm, then that color will be used instead of green. Note Note that the search commands in the pager take regular expressions, which are not quite the same as the more complex ppaatttteerrnnss used by the search command in the index. This is because patterns are used to select messages by criteria whereas the pager already displays a selected message. 5.3. Threaded Mode So-called "threads" provide a hierarchy of messages where replies are linked to their parent message(s). This organizational form is extremely useful in mailing lists where different parts of the discussion diverge. Mutt displays threads as a tree structure. In Mutt, when a mailbox is ssoorrtteedd by _t_h_r_e_a_d_s, there are a few additional functions available in the _i_n_d_e_x and _p_a_g_e_r modes as shown in TTaabbllee  22..1100,,  ""MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  tthhrreeaadd  mmooddee  kkeeyyss"". _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._1_0_._ _M_o_s_t_ _c_o_m_m_o_n_ _t_h_r_e_a_d_ _m_o_d_e_ _k_e_y_s Key Function Description ^D <delete-thread> delete all messages in the current thread ^U <undelete-thread> undelete all messages in the current thread ^N <next-thread> jump to the start of the next thread ^P <previous-thread> jump to the start of the previous thread ^R <read-thread> mark the current thread as read Esc d <delete-subthread> delete all messages in the current subthread Esc u <undelete-subthread> undelete all messages in the current subthread Esc n <next-subthread> jump to the start of the next subthread Esc p <previous-subthread> jump to the start of the previous subthread Esc r <read-subthread> mark the current subthread as read Esc t <tag-thread> toggle the tag on the current thread Esc v <collapse-thread> toggle collapse for the current thread Esc V <collapse-all> toggle collapse for all threads P <parent-message> jump to parent message in thread Collapsing a thread displays only the first message in the thread and hides the others. This is useful when threads contain so many messages that you can only see a handful of threads on the screen. See %M in $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt. For example, you could use "%?M?(#%03M)&(%4l)?" in $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt to optionally display the number of hidden messages if the thread is collapsed. The %?<char>?<if-part>&<else-part>? syntax is explained in detail in ffoorrmmaatt  ssttrriinngg  ccoonnddiittiioonnaallss. Technically, every reply should contain a list of its parent messages in the thread tree, but not all do. In these cases, Mutt groups them by subject which can be controlled using the $$ssttrriicctt__tthhrreeaaddss variable. 5.4. Miscellaneous Functions In addition, the _i_n_d_e_x and _p_a_g_e_r menus have these interesting functions: <create-alias> (default: a) Creates a new alias based upon the current message (or prompts for a new one). Once editing is complete, an aalliiaass command is added to the file specified by the $$aalliiaass__ffiillee variable for future use Note Mutt does not read the $$aalliiaass__ffiillee upon startup so you must explicitly ssoouurrccee the file. <check-traditional-pgp> (default: Esc P) This function will search the current message for content signed or encrypted with PGP the "traditional" way, that is, without proper MIME tagging. Technically, this function will temporarily change the MIME content types of the body parts containing PGP data; this is similar to the <<eeddiitt--ttyyppee>> function's effect. <edit> (default: e) This command (available in the index and pager) allows you to edit the raw current message as it's present in the mail folder. After you have finished editing, the changed message will be appended to the current folder, and the original message will be marked for deletion; if the message is unchanged it won't be replaced. <edit-type> (default: ^E on the attachment menu, and in the pager and index menus; ^T on the compose menu) This command is used to temporarily edit an attachment's content type to fix, for instance, bogus character set parameters. When invoked from the index or from the pager, you'll have the opportunity to edit the top-level attachment's content type. On the aattttaacchhmmeenntt  mmeennuu, you can change any attachment's content type. These changes are not persistent, and get lost upon changing folders. Note that this command is also available on the ccoommppoossee  mmeennuu. There, it's used to fine-tune the properties of attachments you are going to send. <enter-command> (default: ":") This command is used to execute any command you would normally put in a configuration file. A common use is to check the settings of variables, or in conjunction with mmaaccrrooss to change settings on the fly. <extract-keys> (default: ^K) This command extracts PGP public keys from the current or tagged message(s) and adds them to your PGP public key ring. <forget-passphrase> (default: ^F) This command wipes the passphrase(s) from memory. It is useful, if you misspelled the passphrase. <list-reply> (default: L) Reply to the current or tagged message(s) by extracting any addresses which match the regular expressions given by the lliissttss oorr  ssuubbssccrriibbee commands, but also honor any Mail-Followup-To header(s) if the $$hhoonnoorr__ffoolllloowwuupp__ttoo configuration variable is set. Using this when replying to messages posted to mailing lists helps avoid duplicate copies being sent to the author of the message you are replying to. <pipe-message> (default: |) Asks for an external Unix command and pipes the current or tagged message(s) to it. The variables $$ppiippee__ddeeccooddee, $$ppiippee__sspplliitt, $$ppiippee__sseepp and $$wwaaiitt__kkeeyy control the exact behavior of this function. <resend-message> (default: Esc e) Mutt takes the current message as a template for a new message. This function is best described as "recall from arbitrary folders". It can conveniently be used to forward MIME messages while preserving the original mail structure. Note that the amount of headers included here depends on the value of the $$wweeeedd variable. This function is also available from the attachment menu. You can use this to easily resend a message which was included with a bounce message as a message/rfc822 body part. <shell-escape> (default: !) Asks for an external Unix command and executes it. The $$wwaaiitt__kkeeyy can be used to control whether Mutt will wait for a key to be pressed when the command returns (presumably to let the user read the output of the command), based on the return status of the named command. If no command is given, an interactive shell is executed. <toggle-quoted> (default: T) The pager uses the $$qquuoottee__rreeggeexxpp variable to detect quoted text when displaying the body of the message. This function toggles the display of the quoted material in the message. It is particularly useful when being interested in just the response and there is a large amount of quoted text in the way. <skip-quoted> (default: S) This function will go to the next line of non-quoted text which comes after a line of quoted text in the internal pager. 6. Sending Mail 6.1. Introduction The bindings shown in TTaabbllee  22..1111,,  ""MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  mmaaiill  sseennddiinngg  kkeeyyss"" are available in the _i_n_d_e_x and _p_a_g_e_r to start a new message. _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._1_1_._ _M_o_s_t_ _c_o_m_m_o_n_ _m_a_i_l_ _s_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _k_e_y_s Key Function Description m <compose> compose a new message r <reply> reply to sender g <group-reply> reply to all recipients L <list-reply> reply to mailing list address f <forward> forward message b <bounce> bounce (remail) message Esc k <mail-key> mail a PGP public key to someone _B_o_u_n_c_i_n_g a message sends the message as-is to the recipient you specify. _F_o_r_w_a_r_d_i_n_g a message allows you to add comments or modify the message you are forwarding. These items are discussed in greater detail in the next section "FFoorrwwaarrddiinngg  aanndd  BBoouunncciinngg  MMaaiill." Mutt will then enter the _c_o_m_p_o_s_e menu and prompt you for the recipients to place on the "To:" header field when you hit m to start a new message. Next, it will ask you for the "Subject:" field for the message, providing a default if you are replying to or forwarding a message. You again have the chance to adjust recipients, subject, and security settings right before actually sending the message. See also $$aasskkcccc, $$aasskkbbcccc, $$aauuttooeeddiitt, $$bboouunnccee, $$ffaasstt__rreeppllyy, and $$iinncclluuddee for changing how and if Mutt asks these questions. When replying, Mutt fills these fields with proper values depending on the reply type. The types of replying supported are: Simple reply Reply to the author directly. Group reply Reply to the author as well to all recipients except you; this consults aalltteerrnnaatteess. List reply Reply to all mailing list addresses found, either specified via configuration or auto-detected. See SSeeccttiioonn  1122,,  ""MMaaiilliinngg  LLiissttss"" for details. After getting recipients for new messages, forwards or replies, Mutt will then automatically start your $$eeddiittoorr on the message body. If the $$eeddiitt__hheeaaddeerrss variable is set, the headers will be at the top of the message in your editor. Any messages you are replying to will be added in sort order to the message, with appropriate $$aattttrriibbuuttiioonn, $$iinnddeenntt__ssttrriinngg and $$ppoosstt__iinnddeenntt__ssttrriinngg. When forwarding a message, if the $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd variable is unset, a copy of the forwarded message will be included. If you have specified a $$ssiiggnnaattuurree, it will be appended to the message. Once you have finished editing the body of your mail message, you are returned to the _c_o_m_p_o_s_e menu providing the functions shown in TTaabbllee  22..1122,,  ""MMoosstt  ccoommmmoonn  ccoommppoossee  mmeennuu  kkeeyyss"" to modify, send or postpone the message. _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._1_2_._ _M_o_s_t_ _c_o_m_m_o_n_ _c_o_m_p_o_s_e_ _m_e_n_u_ _k_e_y_s Key Function Description a <attach-file> attach a file A <attach-message> attach message(s) to the message Esc k <attach-key> attach a PGP public key d <edit-description> edit description on attachment D <detach-file> detach a file t <edit-to> edit the To field Esc f <edit-from> edit the From field r <edit-reply-to> edit the Reply-To field c <edit-cc> edit the Cc field b <edit-bcc> edit the Bcc field y <send-message> send the message s <edit-subject> edit the Subject S <smime-menu> select S/MIME options f <edit-fcc> specify an "Fcc" mailbox p <pgp-menu> select PGP options P <postpone-message> postpone this message until later q <quit> quit (abort) sending the message w <write-fcc> write the message to a folder i <ispell> check spelling (if available on your system) ^F <forget-passphrase> wipe passphrase(s) from memory The compose menu is also used to edit the attachments for a message which can be either files or other messages. The <attach-message> function to will prompt you for a folder to attach messages from. You can now tag messages in that folder and they will be attached to the message you are sending. Note Note that certain operations like composing a new mail, replying, forwarding, etc. are not permitted when you are in that folder. The %r in $$ssttaattuuss__ffoorrmmaatt will change to a "A" to indicate that you are in attach-message mode. 6.2. Editing the Message Header When editing the header because of $$eeddiitt__hheeaaddeerrss being set, there are a several pseudo headers available which will not be included in sent messages but trigger special Mutt behavior. 6.2.1. Fcc: Pseudo Header If you specify Fcc: _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e as a header, Mutt will pick up _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e just as if you had used the <edit-fcc> function in the _c_o_m_p_o_s_e menu. It can later be changed from the compose menu. 6.2.2. Attach: Pseudo Header You can also attach files to your message by specifying Attach: _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [ _d_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n ] where _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is the file to attach and _d_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n is an optional string to use as the description of the attached file. Spaces in filenames have to be escaped using backslash ("\"). The file can be removed as well as more added from the compose menu. 6.2.3. Pgp: Pseudo Header If you want to use PGP, you can specify Pgp: [ E | S | S_<_i_d_> ] "E" selects encryption, "S" selects signing and "S<id>" selects signing with the given key, setting $$ppggpp__ssiiggnn__aass permanently. The selection can later be changed in the compose menu. 6.2.4. In-Reply-To: Header When replying to messages, the _I_n_-_R_e_p_l_y_-_T_o_: header contains the Message-Id of the message(s) you reply to. If you remove or modify its value, Mutt will not generate a _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s_: field, which allows you to create a new message thread, for example to create a new message to a mailing list without having to enter the mailing list's address. If you intend to start a new thread by replying, please make really sure you remove the _I_n_-_R_e_p_l_y_-_T_o_: header in your editor. Otherwise, though you'll produce a technically valid reply, some netiquette guardians will be annoyed by this so-called "thread hijacking". 6.3. Sending Cryptographically Signed/Encrypted Messages If you have told Mutt to PGP or S/MIME encrypt a message, it will guide you through a key selection process when you try to send the message. Mutt will not ask you any questions about keys which have a certified user ID matching one of the message recipients' mail addresses. However, there may be situations in which there are several keys, weakly certified user ID fields, or where no matching keys can be found. In these cases, you are dropped into a menu with a list of keys from which you can select one. When you quit this menu, or Mutt can't find any matching keys, you are prompted for a user ID. You can, as usually, abort this prompt using ^G. When you do so, Mutt will return to the compose screen. Once you have successfully finished the key selection, the message will be encrypted using the selected public keys when sent out. Most fields of the entries in the key selection menu (see also $$ppggpp__eennttrryy__ffoorrmmaatt) have obvious meanings. But some explanations on the capabilities, flags, and validity fields are in order. The flags sequence ("%f") will expand to one of the flags in TTaabbllee  22..1133,,  ""PPGGPP  kkeeyy  mmeennuu  ffllaaggss"". _T_a_b_l_e_ _2_._1_3_._ _P_G_P_ _k_e_y_ _m_e_n_u_ _f_l_a_g_s Flag Description R The key has been revoked and can't be used. X The key is expired and can't be used. d You have marked the key as disabled. c There are unknown critical self-signature packets. The capabilities field ("%c") expands to a two-character sequence representing a key's capabilities. The first character gives the key's encryption capabilities: A minus sign ("-") means that the key cannot be used for encryption. A dot (".") means that it's marked as a signature key in one of the user IDs, but may also be used for encryption. The letter "e" indicates that this key can be used for encryption. The second character indicates the key's signing capabilities. Once again, a "-" implies "not for signing", "." implies that the key is marked as an encryption key in one of the user-ids, and "s" denotes a key which can be used for signing. Finally, the validity field ("%t") indicates how well-certified a user-id is. A question mark ("?") indicates undefined validity, a minus character ("-") marks an untrusted association, a space character means a partially trusted association, and a plus character ("+") indicates complete validity. 6.4. Sending Format=Flowed Messages 6.4.1. Concept format=flowed-style messages (or f=f for short) are text/plain messages that consist of paragraphs which a receiver's mail client may reformat to its own needs which mostly means to customize line lengths regardless of what the sender sent. Technically this is achieved by letting lines of a "flowable" paragraph end in spaces except for the last line. While for text-mode clients like Mutt it's the best way to assume only a standard 80x25 character cell terminal, it may be desired to let the receiver decide completely how to view a message. 6.4.2. Mutt Support Mutt only supports setting the required format=flowed MIME parameter on outgoing messages if the $$tteexxtt__fflloowweedd variable is set, specifically it does not add the trailing spaces. After editing the initial message text and before entering the compose menu, Mutt properly space-stuffs the message. _S_p_a_c_e_-_s_t_u_f_f_i_n_g is required by RfC3676 defining format=flowed and means to prepend a space to: * all lines starting with a space * lines starting with the word "From" followed by space * all lines starting with ">" which is not intended to be a quote character Note Mutt only supports space-stuffing for the first two types of lines but not for the third: It is impossible to safely detect whether a leading > character starts a quote or not. Furthermore, Mutt only applies space-stuffing _o_n_c_e after the initial edit is finished. All leading spaces are to be removed by receiving clients to restore the original message prior to further processing. 6.4.3. Editor Considerations As Mutt provides no additional features to compose f=f messages, it's completely up to the user and his editor to produce proper messages. Please consider your editor's documentation if you intend to send f=f messages. Please note that when editing messages from the compose menu several times before really sending a mail, it's up to the user to ensure that the message is properly space-stuffed. For example, _v_i_m provides the w flag for its formatoptions setting to assist in creating f=f messages, see :help fo-table for details. 7. Forwarding and Bouncing Mail Bouncing and forwarding let you send an existing message to recipients that you specify. Bouncing a message sends a verbatim copy of a message to alternative addresses as if they were the message's original recipients specified in the Bcc header. Forwarding a message, on the other hand, allows you to modify the message before it is resent (for example, by adding your own comments). Bouncing is done using the <bounce> function and forwarding using the <forward> function bound to "b" and "f" respectively. Forwarding can be done by including the original message in the new message's body (surrounded by indicating lines) or including it as a MIME attachment, depending on the value of the $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd variable. Decoding of attachments, like in the pager, can be controlled by the $$ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccooddee and $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccooddee variables, respectively. The desired forwarding format may depend on the content, therefore $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd is a quadoption which, for example, can be set to "ask-no". The inclusion of headers is controlled by the current setting of the $$wweeeedd variable, unless $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd is set. Editing the message to forward follows the same procedure as sending or replying to a message does. 8. Postponing Mail At times it is desirable to delay sending a message that you have already begun to compose. When the <postpone-message> function is used in the _c_o_m_p_o_s_e menu, the body of your message and attachments are stored in the mailbox specified by the $$ppoossttppoonneedd variable. This means that you can recall the message even if you exit Mutt and then restart it at a later time. Once a message is postponed, there are several ways to resume it. From the command line you can use the "-p" option, or if you compose a new message from the _i_n_d_e_x or _p_a_g_e_r you will be prompted if postponed messages exist. If multiple messages are currently postponed, the _p_o_s_t_p_o_n_e_d menu will pop up and you can select which message you would like to resume. Note If you postpone a reply to a message, the reply setting of the message is only updated when you actually finish the message and send it. Also, you must be in the same folder with the message you replied to for the status of the message to be updated. See also the $$ppoossttppoonnee quad-option. Chapter 3. Configuration _T_a_b_l_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_n_t_e_n_t_s 11..  LLooccaattiioonn  ooff  IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn  FFiilleess 22..  SSyynnttaaxx  ooff  IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn  FFiilleess 33..  AAddddrreessss  GGrroouuppss 44..  DDeeffiinniinngg//UUssiinngg  AAlliiaasseess 55..  CChhaannggiinngg  tthhee  DDeeffaauulltt  KKeeyy  BBiinnddiinnggss 66..  DDeeffiinniinngg  AAlliiaasseess  ffoorr  CChhaarraacctteerr  SSeettss 77..  SSeettttiinngg  VVaarriiaabblleess  BBaasseedd  UUppoonn  MMaaiillbbooxx 88..  KKeeyybbooaarrdd  MMaaccrrooss 99..  UUssiinngg  CCoolloorr  aanndd  MMoonnoo  VViiddeeoo  AAttttrriibbuutteess 1100..  MMeessssaaggee  HHeeaaddeerr  DDiissppllaayy 1100..11..  HHeeaaddeerr  DDiissppllaayy 1100..22..  SSeelleeccttiinngg  HHeeaaddeerrss 1100..33..  OOrrddeerriinngg  DDiissppllaayyeedd  HHeeaaddeerrss 1111..  AAlltteerrnnaattiivvee  AAddddrreesssseess 1122..  MMaaiilliinngg  LLiissttss 1133..  UUssiinngg  MMuullttiippllee  SSppooooll  MMaaiillbbooxxeess 1144..  MMoonniittoorriinngg  IInnccoommiinngg  MMaaiill 1155..  UUsseerr--DDeeffiinneedd  HHeeaaddeerrss 1166..  SSppeecciiffyy  DDeeffaauulltt  SSaavvee  MMaaiillbbooxx 1177..  SSppeecciiffyy  DDeeffaauulltt  FFcccc::  MMaaiillbbooxx  WWhheenn  CCoommppoossiinngg 1188..  SSppeecciiffyy  DDeeffaauulltt  SSaavvee  FFiilleennaammee  aanndd  DDeeffaauulltt  FFcccc::  MMaaiillbbooxx  aatt  OOnnccee 1199..  CChhaannggee  SSeettttiinnggss  BBaasseedd  UUppoonn  MMeessssaaggee  RReecciippiieennttss 2200..  CChhaannggee  SSeettttiinnggss  BBeeffoorree  FFoorrmmaattttiinngg  aa  MMeessssaaggee 2211..  CChhoooossiinngg  tthhee  CCrryyppttooggrraapphhiicc  KKeeyy  ooff  tthhee  RReecciippiieenntt 2222..  AAddddiinngg  KKeeyy  SSeeqquueenncceess  ttoo  tthhee  KKeeyybbooaarrdd  BBuuffffeerr 2233..  EExxeeccuuttiinngg  FFuunnccttiioonnss 2244..  MMeessssaaggee  SSccoorriinngg 2255..  SSppaamm  DDeetteeccttiioonn 2266..  SSeettttiinngg  aanndd  QQuueerryyiinngg  VVaarriiaabblleess 2266..11..  VVaarriiaabbllee  TTyyppeess 2266..22..  CCoommmmaannddss 2266..33..  UUsseerr--DDeeffiinneedd  VVaarriiaabblleess 2266..44..  TTyyppee  CCoonnvveerrssiioonnss 2277..  RReeaaddiinngg  IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn  CCoommmmaannddss  FFrroomm  AAnnootthheerr  FFiillee 2288..  RReemmoovviinngg  HHooookkss 2299..  FFoorrmmaatt  SSttrriinnggss 2299..11..  BBaassiicc  uussaaggee 2299..22..  CCoonnddiittiioonnaallss 2299..33..  FFiilltteerrss 2299..44..  PPaaddddiinngg 1. Location of Initialization Files While the default configuration (or "preferences") make Mutt usable right out of the box, it is often desirable to tailor Mutt to suit your own tastes. When Mutt is first invoked, it will attempt to read the "system" configuration file (defaults set by your local system administrator), unless the "-n" ccoommmmaanndd  lliinnee option is specified. This file is typically /usr/local/share/mutt/Muttrc or /etc/Muttrc. Mutt will next look for a file named .muttrc in your home directory. If this file does not exist and your home directory has a subdirectory named .mutt, Mutt tries to load a file named .mutt/muttrc. .muttrc is the file where you will usually place your ccoommmmaannddss to configure Mutt. In addition, Mutt supports version specific configuration files that are parsed instead of the default files as explained above. For instance, if your system has a Muttrc-0.88 file in the system configuration directory, and you are running version 0.88 of Mutt, this file will be sourced instead of the Muttrc file. The same is true of the user configuration file, if you have a file .muttrc-0.88.6 in your home directory, when you run Mutt version 0.88.6, it will source this file instead of the default .muttrc file. The version number is the same which is visible using the "-v" ccoommmmaanndd  lliinnee switch or using the show-version key (default: V) from the index menu. 2. Syntax of Initialization Files An initialization file consists of a series of ccoommmmaannddss. Each line of the file may contain one or more commands. When multiple commands are used, they must be separated by a semicolon (";"). _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._1_._ _M_u_l_t_i_p_l_e_ _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n_ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_s_ _p_e_r_ _l_i_n_e set realname='Mutt user' ; ignore x- The hash mark, or pound sign ("#"), is used as a "comment" character. You can use it to annotate your initialization file. All text after the comment character to the end of the line is ignored. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._2_._ _C_o_m_m_e_n_t_i_n_g_ _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_l_e_s my_hdr X-Disclaimer: Why are you listening to me? # This is a comment Single quotes ("'") and double quotes (""") can be used to quote strings which contain spaces or other special characters. The difference between the two types of quotes is similar to that of many popular shell programs, namely that a single quote is used to specify a literal string (one that is not interpreted for shell variables or quoting with a backslash [see next paragraph]), while double quotes indicate a string for which should be evaluated. For example, backticks are evaluated inside of double quotes, but _n_o_t for single quotes. "\" quotes the next character, just as in shells such as bash and zsh. For example, if want to put quotes """ inside of a string, you can use "\" to force the next character to be a literal instead of interpreted character. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._3_._ _E_s_c_a_p_i_n_g_ _q_u_o_t_e_s_ _i_n_ _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_l_e_s set realname="Michael \"MuttDude\" Elkins" "\\" means to insert a literal "\" into the line. "\n" and "\r" have their usual C meanings of linefeed and carriage-return, respectively. A "\" at the end of a line can be used to split commands over multiple lines as it "escapes" the line end, provided that the split points don't appear in the middle of command names. Lines are first concatenated before interpretation so that a multi-line can be commented by commenting out the first line only. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._4_._ _S_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g_ _l_o_n_g_ _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n_ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_s_ _o_v_e_r_ _s_e_v_e_r_a_l_ _l_i_n_e_s set status_format="some very \ long value split \ over several lines" It is also possible to substitute the output of a Unix command in an initialization file. This is accomplished by enclosing the command in backticks (``). In EExxaammppllee  33..55,,  ""UUssiinngg  eexxtteerrnnaall  ccoommmmaanndd''ss  oouuttppuutt  iinn ccoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  ffiilleess"", the output of the Unix command "uname -a" will be substituted before the line is parsed. Since initialization files are line oriented, only the first line of output from the Unix command will be substituted. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._5_._ _U_s_i_n_g_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_'_s_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_l_e_s my_hdr X-Operating-System: `uname -a` Both environment variables and Mutt variables can be accessed by prepending "$" to the name of the variable. For example, _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._6_._ _U_s_i_n_g_ _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_ _i_n_ _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_l_e_s set record=+sent_on_$HOSTNAME will cause Mutt to save outgoing messages to a folder named "sent_on_kremvax" if the environment variable $HOSTNAME is set to "kremvax." (See $$rreeccoorrdd for details.) Mutt expands the variable when it is assigned, not when it is used. If the value of a variable on the right-hand side of an assignment changes after the assignment, the variable on the left-hand side will not be affected. The commands understood by Mutt are explained in the next paragraphs. For a complete list, see the ccoommmmaanndd  rreeffeerreennccee. All configuration files are expected to be in the current locale as specified by the $$cchhaarrsseett variable which doesn't have a default value since it's determined by Mutt at startup. If a configuration file is not encoded in the same character set the $$ccoonnffiigg__cchhaarrsseett variable should be used: all lines starting with the next are recoded from $$ccoonnffiigg__cchhaarrsseett to $$cchhaarrsseett. This mechanism should be avoided if possible as it has the following implications: * These variables should be set early in a configuration file with $$cchhaarrsseett preceding $$ccoonnffiigg__cchhaarrsseett so Mutt knows what character set to convert to. * If $$ccoonnffiigg__cchhaarrsseett is set, it should be set in each configuration file because the value is global and _n_o_t per configuration file. * Because Mutt first recodes a line before it attempts to parse it, a conversion introducing question marks or other characters as part of errors (unconvertable characters, transliteration) may introduce syntax errors or silently change the meaning of certain tokens (e.g. inserting question marks into regular expressions). 3. Address Groups Usage: group [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] { -rx _e_x_p_r ... | -addr _e_x_p_r ... } ungroup [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] { _* | -rx _e_x_p_r ... | -addr _e_x_p_r ... } Mutt supports grouping addresses logically into named groups. An address or address pattern can appear in several groups at the same time. These groups can be used in ppaatttteerrnnss (for searching, limiting and tagging) and in hooks by using group patterns. This can be useful to classify mail and take certain actions depending on in what groups the message is. For example, the mutt user's mailing list would fit into the categories "mailing list" and "mutt-related". Using sseenndd--hhooookk, the sender can be set to a dedicated one for writing mailing list messages, and the signature could be set to a mutt-related one for writing to a mutt list -- for other lists, the list sender setting still applies but a different signature can be selected. Or, given a group only containing recipients known to accept encrypted mail, "auto-encryption" can be achieved easily. The _g_r_o_u_p command is used to directly add either addresses or regular expressions to the specified group or groups. The different categories of arguments to the _g_r_o_u_p command can be in any order. The flags -rx and -addr specify what the following strings (that cannot begin with a hyphen) should be interpreted as: either a regular expression or an email address, respectively. These address groups can also be created implicitly by the aalliiaass, lliissttss, ssuubbssccrriibbee and aalltteerrnnaatteess commands by specifying the optional -group option. For example, alternates -group me address1 address2 alternates -group me -group work address3 would create a group named "me" which contains all your addresses and a group named "work" which contains only your work address _a_d_d_r_e_s_s_3. Besides many other possibilities, this could be used to automatically mark your own messages in a mailing list folder as read or use a special signature for work-related messages. The _u_n_g_r_o_u_p command is used to remove addresses or regular expressions from the specified group or groups. The syntax is similar to the _g_r_o_u_p command, however the special character * can be used to empty a group of all of its contents. As soon as a group gets empty because all addresses and regular expressions have been removed, it'll internally be removed, too (i.e. there cannot be an empty group). When removing regular expressions from a group, the pattern must be specified exactly as given to the _g_r_o_u_p command or -group argument. 4. Defining/Using Aliases Usage: alias [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] _k_e_y _a_d_d_r_e_s_s [ _a_d_d_r_e_s_s ...] unalias [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] { _* | _k_e_y ... } It's usually very cumbersome to remember or type out the address of someone you are communicating with. Mutt allows you to create "aliases" which map a short string to a full address. Note If you want to create an alias for more than one address, you _m_u_s_t separate the addresses with a comma (","). The optional -group argument to _a_l_i_a_s causes the aliased address(es) to be added to the named _g_r_o_u_p. To remove an alias or aliases ("*" means all aliases): alias muttdude me@cs.hmc.edu (Michael Elkins) alias theguys manny, moe, jack Unlike other mailers, Mutt doesn't require aliases to be defined in a special file. The _a_l_i_a_s command can appear anywhere in a configuration file, as long as this file is ssoouurrcceedd. Consequently, you can have multiple alias files, or you can have all aliases defined in your .muttrc. On the other hand, the <<ccrreeaattee--aalliiaass>> function can use only one file, the one pointed to by the $$aalliiaass__ffiillee variable (which is ~/.muttrc by default). This file is not special either, in the sense that Mutt will happily append aliases to any file, but in order for the new aliases to take effect you need to explicitly ssoouurrccee this file too. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._7_._ _C_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_i_n_g_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _a_l_i_a_s_ _f_i_l_e_s source /usr/local/share/Mutt.aliases source ~/.mail_aliases set alias_file=~/.mail_aliases To use aliases, you merely use the alias at any place in Mutt where Mutt prompts for addresses, such as the _T_o_: or _C_c_: prompt. You can also enter aliases in your editor at the appropriate headers if you have the $$eeddiitt__hheeaaddeerrss variable set. In addition, at the various address prompts, you can use the tab character to expand a partial alias to the full alias. If there are multiple matches, Mutt will bring up a menu with the matching aliases. In order to be presented with the full list of aliases, you must hit tab without a partial alias, such as at the beginning of the prompt or after a comma denoting multiple addresses. In the alias menu, you can select as many aliases as you want with the select-entry key (default: <Return>), and use the _e_x_i_t key (default: q) to return to the address prompt. 5. Changing the Default Key Bindings Usage: bind _m_a_p _k_e_y _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n This command allows you to change the default key bindings (operation invoked when pressing a key). _m_a_p specifies in which menu the binding belongs. Multiple maps may be specified by separating them with commas (no additional whitespace is allowed). The currently defined maps are: generic This is not a real menu, but is used as a fallback for all of the other menus except for the pager and editor modes. If a key is not defined in another menu, Mutt will look for a binding to use in this menu. This allows you to bind a key to a certain function in multiple menus instead of having multiple _b_i_n_d statements to accomplish the same task. alias The alias menu is the list of your personal aliases as defined in your .muttrc. It is the mapping from a short alias name to the full email address(es) of the recipient(s). attach The attachment menu is used to access the attachments on received messages. browser The browser is used for both browsing the local directory structure, and for listing all of your incoming mailboxes. editor The editor is used to allow the user to enter a single line of text, such as the _T_o or _S_u_b_j_e_c_t prompts in the compose menu. index The index is the list of messages contained in a mailbox. compose The compose menu is the screen used when sending a new message. pager The pager is the mode used to display message/attachment data, and help listings. pgp The pgp menu is used to select the OpenPGP keys used to encrypt outgoing messages. smime The smime menu is used to select the OpenSSL certificates used to encrypt outgoing messages. postpone The postpone menu is similar to the index menu, except is used when recalling a message the user was composing, but saved until later. query The query menu is the browser for results returned by $$qquueerryy__ccoommmmaanndd. mix The mixmaster screen is used to select remailer options for outgoing messages (if Mutt is compiled with Mixmaster support). _k_e_y is the key (or key sequence) you wish to bind. To specify a control character, use the sequence _\_C_x, where _x is the letter of the control character (for example, to specify control-A use "\Ca"). Note that the case of _x as well as _\_C is ignored, so that _\_C_A, _\_C_a, _\_c_A and _\_c_a are all equivalent. An alternative form is to specify the key as a three digit octal number prefixed with a "\" (for example _\_1_7_7 is equivalent to _\_c_?). In addition, _k_e_y may be a symbolic name as shown in TTaabbllee  33..11,, ""SSyymmbboolliicc  kkeeyy  nnaammeess"". _T_a_b_l_e_ _3_._1_._ _S_y_m_b_o_l_i_c_ _k_e_y_ _n_a_m_e_s Symbolic name Meaning \t tab <tab> tab <backtab> backtab / shift-tab \r carriage return \n newline \e escape <esc> escape <up> up arrow <down> down arrow <left> left arrow <right> right arrow <pageup> Page Up <pagedown> Page Down <backspace> Backspace <delete> Delete <insert> Insert <enter> Enter <return> Return <home> Home <end> End <space> Space bar <f1> function key 1 <f10> function key 10 _k_e_y does not need to be enclosed in quotes unless it contains a space (" ") or semi-colon (";"). _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n specifies which action to take when _k_e_y is pressed. For a complete list of functions, see the rreeffeerreennccee. Note that the _b_i_n_d expects _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n to be specified without angle brackets. The special function <noop> unbinds the specified key sequence. 6. Defining Aliases for Character Sets Usage: charset-hook _a_l_i_a_s _c_h_a_r_s_e_t iconv-hook _c_h_a_r_s_e_t _l_o_c_a_l_-_c_h_a_r_s_e_t The _c_h_a_r_s_e_t_-_h_o_o_k command defines an alias for a character set. This is useful to properly display messages which are tagged with a character set name not known to Mutt. The _i_c_o_n_v_-_h_o_o_k command defines a system-specific name for a character set. This is helpful when your systems character conversion library insists on using strange, system-specific names for character sets. 7. Setting Variables Based Upon Mailbox Usage: folder-hook _[_!_]_r_e_g_e_x_p _c_o_m_m_a_n_d It is often desirable to change settings based on which mailbox you are reading. The _f_o_l_d_e_r_-_h_o_o_k command provides a method by which you can execute any configuration command. _r_e_g_e_x_p is a regular expression specifying in which mailboxes to execute _c_o_m_m_a_n_d before loading. If a mailbox matches multiple _f_o_l_d_e_r_-_h_o_o_ks, they are executed in the order given in the .muttrc. Note If you use the "!" shortcut for $$ssppoooollffiillee at the beginning of the pattern, you must place it inside of double or single quotes in order to distinguish it from the logical _n_o_t operator for the expression. Note Settings are _n_o_t restored when you leave the mailbox. For example, a command action to perform is to change the sorting method based upon the mailbox being read: folder-hook mutt "set sort=threads" However, the sorting method is not restored to its previous value when reading a different mailbox. To specify a _d_e_f_a_u_l_t command, use the pattern "." before other _f_o_l_d_e_r_-_h_o_o_ks adjusting a value on a per-folder basis because _f_o_l_d_e_r_-_h_o_o_ks are evaluated in the order given in the configuration file. The following example will set the ssoorrtt variable to date-sent for all folders but to threads for all folders containing "mutt" in their name. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._8_._ _S_e_t_t_i_n_g_ _s_o_r_t_ _m_e_t_h_o_d_ _b_a_s_e_d_ _o_n_ _m_a_i_l_b_o_x_ _n_a_m_e folder-hook . "set sort=date-sent" folder-hook mutt "set sort=threads" 8. Keyboard Macros Usage: macro _m_e_n_u _k_e_y _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e [ _d_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n ] Macros are useful when you would like a single key to perform a series of actions. When you press _k_e_y in menu _m_e_n_u, Mutt will behave as if you had typed _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e. So if you have a common sequence of commands you type, you can create a macro to execute those commands with a single key or fewer keys. _m_e_n_u is the mmaapp which the macro will be bound in. Multiple maps may be specified by separating multiple menu arguments by commas. Whitespace may not be used in between the menu arguments and the commas separating them. _k_e_y and _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e are expanded by the same rules as the kkeeyy  bbiinnddiinnggss with some additions. The first is that control characters in _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e can also be specified as _^_x. In order to get a caret ("^") you need to use _^_^. Secondly, to specify a certain key such as _u_p or to invoke a function directly, you can use the format _<_k_e_y_ _n_a_m_e_> and _<_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e_>. For a listing of key names see the section on kkeeyy  bbiinnddiinnggss. Functions are listed in the rreeffeerreennccee. The advantage with using function names directly is that the macros will work regardless of the current key bindings, so they are not dependent on the user having particular key definitions. This makes them more robust and portable, and also facilitates defining of macros in files used by more than one user (e.g., the system Muttrc). Optionally you can specify a descriptive text after _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e, which is shown in the help screens if they contain a description. Note Macro definitions (if any) listed in the help screen(s), are silently truncated at the screen width, and are not wrapped. 9. Using Color and Mono Video Attributes Usage: color _o_b_j_e_c_t _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d color { header | body } _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d _r_e_g_e_x_p color index _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d _p_a_t_t_e_r_n uncolor { index | header | body } { _* | _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ... } If your terminal supports color, you can spice up Mutt by creating your own color scheme. To define the color of an object (type of information), you must specify both a foreground color _a_n_d a background color (it is not possible to only specify one or the other). _h_e_a_d_e_r and _b_o_d_y match _r_e_g_e_x_p in the header/body of a message, _i_n_d_e_x matches _p_a_t_t_e_r_n (see SSeeccttiioonn  33,,  ""PPaatttteerrnnss::  SSeeaarrcchhiinngg,,  LLiimmiittiinngg  aanndd TTaaggggiinngg"") in the message index. _o_b_j_e_c_t can be one of: * attachment * bold (highlighting bold patterns in the body of messages) * error (error messages printed by Mutt) * hdrdefault (default color of the message header in the pager) * indicator (arrow or bar used to indicate the current item in a menu) * markers (the "+" markers at the beginning of wrapped lines in the pager) * message (informational messages) * normal * quoted (text matching $$qquuoottee__rreeggeexxpp in the body of a message) * quoted1, quoted2, ..., quoted_N (higher levels of quoting) * search (highlighting of words in the pager) * signature * status (mode lines used to display info about the mailbox or message) * tilde (the "~" used to pad blank lines in the pager) * tree (thread tree drawn in the message index and attachment menu) * underline (highlighting underlined patterns in the body of messages) _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d and _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d can be one of the following: * white * black * green * magenta * blue * cyan * yellow * red * default * color_x _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d can optionally be prefixed with the keyword bright to make the foreground color boldfaced (e.g., brightred). If your terminal supports it, the special keyword _d_e_f_a_u_l_t can be used as a transparent color. The value _b_r_i_g_h_t_d_e_f_a_u_l_t is also valid. If Mutt is linked against the _S_-_L_a_n_g library, you also need to set the $COLORFGBG environment variable to the default colors of your terminal for this to work; for example (for Bourne-like shells): set COLORFGBG="green;black" export COLORFGBG Note The _S_-_L_a_n_g library requires you to use the _l_i_g_h_t_g_r_a_y and _b_r_o_w_n keywords instead of _w_h_i_t_e and _y_e_l_l_o_w when setting this variable. Note The _u_n_c_o_l_o_r command can be applied to the index, header and body objects only. It removes entries from the list. You _m_u_s_t specify the same pattern specified in the _c_o_l_o_r command for it to be removed. The pattern "*" is a special token which means to clear the color list of all entries. Mutt also recognizes the keywords _c_o_l_o_r_0, _c_o_l_o_r_1, ..., _c_o_l_o_r_N_-_1 (_N being the number of colors supported by your terminal). This is useful when you remap the colors for your display (for example by changing the color associated with _c_o_l_o_r_2 for your xterm), since color names may then lose their normal meaning. If your terminal does not support color, it is still possible change the video attributes through the use of the "mono" command. Usage: mono _o_b_j_e_c_t _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e mono { header | body } _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e _r_e_g_e_x_p mono index _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e _p_a_t_t_e_r_n unmono { index | header | body } { _* | _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ... } For _o_b_j_e_c_t, see the _c_o_l_o_r command. _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e can be one of the following: * none * bold * underline * reverse * standout 10. Message Header Display 10.1. Header Display When displaying a message in the pager, Mutt folds long header lines at $$wwrraapp columns. Though there're precise rules about where to break and how, Mutt always folds headers using a tab for readability. (Note that the sending side is not affected by this, Mutt tries to implement standards compliant folding.) 10.2. Selecting Headers Usage: ignore _p_a_t_t_e_r_n [ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ...] unignore { _* | _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ... } Messages often have many header fields added by automatic processing systems, or which may not seem useful to display on the screen. This command allows you to specify header fields which you don't normally want to see in the pager. You do not need to specify the full header field name. For example, "ignore content-" will ignore all header fields that begin with the pattern "content-". "ignore *" will ignore all headers. To remove a previously added token from the list, use the "unignore" command. The "unignore" command will make Mutt display headers with the given pattern. For example, if you do "ignore x-" it is possible to "unignore x-mailer". "unignore *" will remove all tokens from the ignore list. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._9_._ _H_e_a_d_e_r_ _w_e_e_d_i_n_g # Sven's draconian header weeding ignore * unignore from date subject to cc unignore organization organisation x-mailer: x-newsreader: x-mailing-list: unignore posted-to: 10.3. Ordering Displayed Headers Usage: hdr_order _h_e_a_d_e_r [ _h_e_a_d_e_r ...] unhdr_order { _* | _h_e_a_d_e_r ... } With the _h_d_r___o_r_d_e_r command you can specify an order in which Mutt will attempt to present these headers to you when viewing messages. "_u_n_h_d_r___o_r_d_e_r *" will clear all previous headers from the order list, thus removing the header order effects set by the system-wide startup file. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._1_0_._ _C_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_i_n_g_ _h_e_a_d_e_r_ _d_i_s_p_l_a_y_ _o_r_d_e_r hdr_order From Date: From: To: Cc: Subject: 11. Alternative Addresses Usage: alternates [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] _r_e_g_e_x_p [ _r_e_g_e_x_p ...] unalternates [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] { _* | _r_e_g_e_x_p ... } With various functions, Mutt will treat messages differently, depending on whether you sent them or whether you received them from someone else. For instance, when replying to a message that you sent to a different party, Mutt will automatically suggest to send the response to the original message's recipients -- responding to yourself won't make much sense in many cases. (See $$rreeppllyy__ttoo.) Many users receive e-mail under a number of different addresses. To fully use Mutt's features here, the program must be able to recognize what e-mail addresses you receive mail under. That's the purpose of the _a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s command: It takes a list of regular expressions, each of which can identify an address under which you receive e-mail. As addresses are matched using regular expressions and not exact strict comparisons, you should make sure you specify your addresses as precise as possible to avoid mismatches. For example, if you specify: alternates user@example Mutt will consider "some-user@example" as being your address, too which may not be desired. As a solution, in such cases addresses should be specified as: alternates '^user@example$' The -group flag causes all of the subsequent regular expressions to be added to the named group. The _u_n_a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s command can be used to write exceptions to _a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s patterns. If an address matches something in an _a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s command, but you nonetheless do not think it is from you, you can list a more precise pattern under an _u_n_a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s command. To remove a regular expression from the _a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s list, use the _u_n_a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s command with exactly the same _r_e_g_e_x_p. Likewise, if the _r_e_g_e_x_p for an _a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s command matches an entry on the _u_n_a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s list, that _u_n_a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s entry will be removed. If the _r_e_g_e_x_p for _u_n_a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s is "*", _a_l_l_ _e_n_t_r_i_e_s on _a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s will be removed. 12. Mailing Lists Usage: lists [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] _r_e_g_e_x_p [ _r_e_g_e_x_p ...] unlists { _* | _r_e_g_e_x_p ... } subscribe [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] _r_e_g_e_x_p [ _r_e_g_e_x_p ...] unsubscribe { _* | _r_e_g_e_x_p ... } Mutt has a few nice features for hhaannddlliinngg  mmaaiilliinngg  lliissttss. In order to take advantage of them, you must specify which addresses belong to mailing lists, and which mailing lists you are subscribed to. Mutt also has limited support for auto-detecting mailing lists: it supports parsing mailto: links in the common List-Post: header which has the same effect as specifying the list address via the _l_i_s_t_s command (except the group feature). Once you have done this, the <<lliisstt--rreeppllyy>> function will work for all known lists. Additionally, when you send a message to a subscribed list, Mutt will add a Mail-Followup-To header to tell other users' mail user agents not to send copies of replies to your personal address. Note The Mail-Followup-To header is a non-standard extension which is not supported by all mail user agents. Adding it is not bullet-proof against receiving personal CCs of list messages. Also note that the generation of the Mail-Followup-To header is controlled by the $$ffoolllloowwuupp__ttoo configuration variable since it's common practice on some mailing lists to send Cc upon replies (which is more a group- than a list-reply). More precisely, Mutt maintains lists of patterns for the addresses of known and subscribed mailing lists. Every subscribed mailing list is known. To mark a mailing list as known, use the _l_i_s_t command. To mark it as subscribed, use _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_b_e. You can use regular expressions with both commands. To mark all messages sent to a specific bug report's address on Debian's bug tracking system as list mail, for instance, you could say subscribe [0-9]*.*@bugs.debian.org as it's often sufficient to just give a portion of the list's e-mail address. Specify as much of the address as you need to to remove ambiguity. For example, if you've subscribed to the Mutt mailing list, you will receive mail addressed to mutt-users@mutt.org. So, to tell Mutt that this is a mailing list, you could add lists mutt-users@ to your initialization file. To tell Mutt that you are subscribed to it, add _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_b_e mutt-users to your initialization file instead. If you also happen to get mail from someone whose address is mutt-users@example.com, you could use _l_i_s_t_s ^mutt-users@mutt\\.org$ or _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_b_e ^mutt-users@mutt\\.org$ to match only mail from the actual list. The -group flag adds all of the subsequent regular expressions to the named aaddddrreessss  ggrroouupp in addition to adding to the specified address list. The "unlists" command is used to remove a token from the list of known and subscribed mailing-lists. Use "unlists *" to remove all tokens. To remove a mailing list from the list of subscribed mailing lists, but keep it on the list of known mailing lists, use _u_n_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_b_e. 13. Using Multiple Spool Mailboxes Usage: mbox-hook _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _m_a_i_l_b_o_x This command is used to move read messages from a specified mailbox to a different mailbox automatically when you quit or change folders. _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is a regular expression specifying the mailbox to treat as a "spool" mailbox and _m_a_i_l_b_o_x specifies where mail should be saved when read. Unlike some of the other _h_o_o_k commands, only the _f_i_r_s_t matching pattern is used (it is not possible to save read mail in more than a single mailbox). 14. Monitoring Incoming Mail Usage: mailboxes _m_a_i_l_b_o_x [ _m_a_i_l_b_o_x ...] unmailboxes { _* | _m_a_i_l_b_o_x ... } This command specifies folders which can receive mail and which will be checked for new messages periodically. _f_o_l_d_e_r can either be a local file or directory (Mbox/Mmdf or Maildir/Mh). If Mutt was built with POP and/or IMAP support, _f_o_l_d_e_r can also be a POP/IMAP folder URL. The URL syntax is described in SSeeccttiioonn  11..22,,  ""UURRLL  SSyynnttaaxx"", POP and IMAP are described in SSeeccttiioonn  33,, ""PPOOPP33  SSuuppppoorrtt"" and SSeeccttiioonn  44,,  ""IIMMAAPP  SSuuppppoorrtt"" respectively. Mutt provides a number of advanced features for handling (possibly many) folders and new mail within them, please refer to SSeeccttiioonn  1100,, ""NNeeww  MMaaiill  DDeetteeccttiioonn"" for details (including in what situations and how often Mutt checks for new mail). The "unmailboxes" command is used to remove a token from the list of folders which receive mail. Use "unmailboxes *" to remove all tokens. Note The folders in the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x_e_s command are resolved when the command is executed, so if these names contain sshhoorrttccuutt  cchhaarraacctteerrss (such as "=" and "!"), any variable definition that affects these characters (like $$ffoollddeerr and $$ssppoooollffiillee) should be set before the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x_e_s command. If none of these shortcuts are used, a local path should be absolute as otherwise Mutt tries to find it relative to the directory from where Mutt was started which may not always be desired. 15. User-Defined Headers Usage: my_hdr _s_t_r_i_n_g unmy_hdr { _* | _f_i_e_l_d ... } The _m_y___h_d_r command allows you to create your own header fields which will be added to every message you send and appear in the editor if $$eeddiitt__hheeaaddeerrss is set. For example, if you would like to add an "Organization:" header field to all of your outgoing messages, you can put the command something like shown in EExxaammppllee  33..1111,,  ""DDeeffiinniinngg  ccuussttoomm  hheeaaddeerrss"" in your .muttrc. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._1_1_._ _D_e_f_i_n_i_n_g_ _c_u_s_t_o_m_ _h_e_a_d_e_r_s my_hdr Organization: A Really Big Company, Anytown, USA Note Space characters are _n_o_t allowed between the keyword and the colon (":"). The standard for electronic mail (RFC2822) says that space is illegal there, so Mutt enforces the rule. If you would like to add a header field to a single message, you should either set the $$eeddiitt__hheeaaddeerrss variable, or use the <edit-headers> function (default: "E") in the compose menu so that you can edit the header of your message along with the body. To remove user defined header fields, use the _u_n_m_y___h_d_r command. You may specify an asterisk ("*") to remove all header fields, or the fields to remove. For example, to remove all "To" and "Cc" header fields, you could use: unmy_hdr to cc 16. Specify Default Save Mailbox Usage: save-hook _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _m_a_i_l_b_o_x This command is used to override the default mailbox used when saving messages. _m_a_i_l_b_o_x will be used as the default if the message matches _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, see MMeessssaaggee  MMaattcchhiinngg  iinn  HHooookkss for information on the exact format. To provide more flexibility and good defaults, Mutt applies the expandos of $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt to _m_a_i_l_b_o_x after it was expanded. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._1_2_._ _U_s_i_n_g_ _%_-_e_x_p_a_n_d_o_s_ _i_n_ _s_a_v_e_-_h_o_o_k # default: save all to ~/Mail/<author name> save-hook . ~/Mail/%F # save from me@turing.cs.hmc.edu and me@cs.hmc.edu to $folder/elkins save-hook me@(turing\\.)?cs\\.hmc\\.edu$ +elkins # save from aol.com to $folder/spam save-hook aol\\.com$ +spam Also see the ffcccc--ssaavvee--hhooookk command. 17. Specify Default Fcc: Mailbox When Composing Usage: fcc-hook _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _m_a_i_l_b_o_x This command is used to save outgoing mail in a mailbox other than $$rreeccoorrdd. Mutt searches the initial list of message recipients for the first matching _r_e_g_e_x_p and uses _m_a_i_l_b_o_x as the default Fcc: mailbox. If no match is found the message will be saved to $$rreeccoorrdd mailbox. To provide more flexibility and good defaults, Mutt applies the expandos of $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt to _m_a_i_l_b_o_x after it was expanded. See MMeessssaaggee  MMaattcchhiinngg  iinn  HHooookkss for information on the exact format of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. fcc-hook [@.]aol\\.com$ +spammers ...will save a copy of all messages going to the aol.com domain to the `+spammers' mailbox by default. Also see the ffcccc--ssaavvee--hhooookk command. 18. Specify Default Save Filename and Default Fcc: Mailbox at Once Usage: fcc-save-hook _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _m_a_i_l_b_o_x This command is a shortcut, equivalent to doing both a ffcccc--hhooookk and a ssaavvee--hhooookk with its arguments, including %-expansion on _m_a_i_l_b_o_x according to $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt. 19. Change Settings Based Upon Message Recipients Usage: reply-hook _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _c_o_m_m_a_n_d send-hook _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _c_o_m_m_a_n_d send2-hook _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _c_o_m_m_a_n_d These commands can be used to execute arbitrary configuration commands based upon recipients of the message. _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is used to match the message, see MMeessssaaggee  MMaattcchhiinngg  iinn  HHooookkss for details. _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed when _p_a_t_t_e_r_n matches. _r_e_p_l_y_-_h_o_o_k is matched against the message you are _r_e_p_l_y_i_n_g_ _t_o, instead of the message you are _s_e_n_d_i_n_g. _s_e_n_d_-_h_o_o_k is matched against all messages, both _n_e_w and _r_e_p_l_i_e_s. Note _r_e_p_l_y_-_h_o_o_ks are matched _b_e_f_o_r_e the _s_e_n_d_-_h_o_o_k, _r_e_g_a_r_d_l_e_s_s of the order specified in the user's configuration file. _s_e_n_d_2_-_h_o_o_k is matched every time a message is changed, either by editing it, or by using the compose menu to change its recipients or subject. _s_e_n_d_2_-_h_o_o_k is executed after _s_e_n_d_-_h_o_o_k, and can, e.g., be used to set parameters such as the $$sseennddmmaaiill variable depending on the message's sender address. For each type of _s_e_n_d_-_h_o_o_k or _r_e_p_l_y_-_h_o_o_k, when multiple matches occur, commands are executed in the order they are specified in the .muttrc (for that type of hook). Example: _s_e_n_d_-_h_o_o_k mutt "_s_e_t mime_forward signature=''" Another typical use for this command is to change the values of the $$aattttrriibbuuttiioonn, $$ssiiggnnaattuurree and $$llooccaallee variables in order to change the language of the attributions and signatures based upon the recipients. Note _s_e_n_d_-_h_o_o_k's are only executed once after getting the initial list of recipients. Adding a recipient after replying or editing the message will not cause any _s_e_n_d_-_h_o_o_k to be executed, similarly if $$aauuttooeeddiitt is set (as then the initial list of recipients is empty). Also note that mmyy__hhddrr commands which modify recipient headers, or the message's subject, don't have any effect on the current message when executed from a _s_e_n_d_-_h_o_o_k. 20. Change Settings Before Formatting a Message Usage: message-hook _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _c_o_m_m_a_n_d This command can be used to execute arbitrary configuration commands before viewing or formatting a message based upon information about the message. _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed if the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n matches the message to be displayed. When multiple matches occur, commands are executed in the order they are specified in the .muttrc. See MMeessssaaggee  MMaattcchhiinngg  iinn  HHooookkss for information on the exact format of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. Example: message-hook ~A 'set pager=builtin' message-hook '~f freshmeat-news' 'set pager="less \"+/^ subject: .*\""' 21. Choosing the Cryptographic Key of the Recipient Usage: crypt-hook _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _k_e_y_i_d When encrypting messages with PGP/GnuPG or OpenSSL, you may want to associate a certain key with a given e-mail address automatically, either because the recipient's public key can't be deduced from the destination address, or because, for some reasons, you need to override the key Mutt would normally use. The _c_r_y_p_t_-_h_o_o_k command provides a method by which you can specify the ID of the public key to be used when encrypting messages to a certain recipient. The meaning of _k_e_y_i_d is to be taken broadly in this context: You can either put a numerical key ID here, an e-mail address, or even just a real name. 22. Adding Key Sequences to the Keyboard Buffer Usage: push _s_t_r_i_n_g This command adds the named string to the keyboard buffer. The string may contain control characters, key names and function names like the sequence string in the mmaaccrroo command. You may use it to automatically run a sequence of commands at startup, or when entering certain folders. For example, EExxaammppllee  33..1133,,  ""EEmmbbeeddddiinngg  ppuusshh  iinn  ffoollddeerr--hhooookk"" shows how to automatically collapse all threads when entering a folder. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._1_3_._ _E_m_b_e_d_d_i_n_g_ _p_u_s_h_ _i_n_ _f_o_l_d_e_r_-_h_o_o_k folder-hook . 'push <collapse-all>' For using functions like shown in the example, it's important to use angle brackets ("<" and ">") to make Mutt recognize the input as a function name. Otherwise it will simulate individual just keystrokes, i.e. "push collapse-all" would be interpreted as if you had typed "c", followed by "o", followed by "l", ..., which is not desired and may lead to very unexpected behavior. Keystrokes can be used, too, but are less portable because of potentially changed key bindings. With default bindings, this is equivalent to the above example: folder-hook . 'push \eV' because it simulates that Esc+V was pressed (which is the default binding of <collapse-all>). 23. Executing Functions Usage: exec _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n [ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n ...] This command can be used to execute any function. Functions are listed in the ffuunnccttiioonn  rreeffeerreennccee. "_e_x_e_c function" is equivalent to "push <function>". 24. Message Scoring Usage: score _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _v_a_l_u_e unscore { _* | _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ... } The _s_c_o_r_e commands adds _v_a_l_u_e to a message's score if _p_a_t_t_e_r_n matches it. _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is a string in the format described in the ppaatttteerrnnss section (note: For efficiency reasons, patterns which scan information not available in the index, such as ~b, ~B or ~h, may not be used). _v_a_l_u_e is a positive or negative integer. A message's final score is the sum total of all matching _s_c_o_r_e entries. However, you may optionally prefix _v_a_l_u_e with an equal sign ("=") to cause evaluation to stop at a particular entry if there is a match. Negative final scores are rounded up to 0. The _u_n_s_c_o_r_e command removes score entries from the list. You _m_u_s_t specify the same pattern specified in the _s_c_o_r_e command for it to be removed. The pattern "*" is a special token which means to clear the list of all score entries. 25. Spam Detection Usage: spam _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _f_o_r_m_a_t nospam { _* | _p_a_t_t_e_r_n } Mutt has generalized support for external spam-scoring filters. By defining your spam patterns with the _s_p_a_m and nospam commands, you can _l_i_m_i_t, _s_e_a_r_c_h, and _s_o_r_t your mail based on its spam attributes, as determined by the external filter. You also can display the spam attributes in your index display using the %H selector in the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt variable. (Tip: try %?H?[%H] ? to display spam tags only when they are defined for a given message.) Your first step is to define your external filter's spam patterns using the _s_p_a_m command. _p_a_t_t_e_r_n should be a regular expression that matches a header in a mail message. If any message in the mailbox matches this regular expression, it will receive a "spam tag" or "spam attribute" (unless it also matches a _n_o_s_p_a_m pattern -- see below.) The appearance of this attribute is entirely up to you, and is governed by the _f_o_r_m_a_t parameter. _f_o_r_m_a_t can be any static text, but it also can include back-references from the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n expression. (A regular expression "back-reference" refers to a sub-expression contained within parentheses.) %1 is replaced with the first back-reference in the regex, %2 with the second, etc. To match spam tags, mutt needs the corresponding header information which is always the case for local and POP folders but not for IMAP in the default configuration. Depending on the spam header to be analyzed, $$iimmaapp__hheeaaddeerrss may need to be adjusted. If you're using multiple spam filters, a message can have more than one spam-related header. You can define _s_p_a_m patterns for each filter you use. If a message matches two or more of these patterns, and the $$ssppaamm__sseeppaarraattoorr variable is set to a string, then the message's spam tag will consist of all the _f_o_r_m_a_t strings joined together, with the value of $$ssppaamm__sseeppaarraattoorr separating them. For example, suppose one uses DCC, SpamAssassin, and PureMessage, then the configuration might look like in EExxaammppllee  33..1144,,  ""CCoonnffiigguurriinngg  ssppaamm ddeetteeccttiioonn"". _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._1_4_._ _C_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_i_n_g_ _s_p_a_m_ _d_e_t_e_c_t_i_o_n spam "X-DCC-.*-Metrics:.*(....)=many" "90+/DCC-%1" spam "X-Spam-Status: Yes" "90+/SA" spam "X-PerlMX-Spam: .*Probability=([0-9]+)%" "%1/PM" set spam_separator=", " If then a message is received that DCC registered with "many" hits under the "Fuz2" checksum, and that PureMessage registered with a 97% probability of being spam, that message's spam tag would read 90+/DCC-Fuz2, 97/PM. (The four characters before "=many" in a DCC report indicate the checksum used -- in this case, "Fuz2".) If the $$ssppaamm__sseeppaarraattoorr variable is unset, then each spam pattern match supersedes the previous one. Instead of getting joined _f_o_r_m_a_t strings, you'll get only the last one to match. The spam tag is what will be displayed in the index when you use %H in the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt variable. It's also the string that the ~H pattern-matching expression matches against for <search> and <limit> functions. And it's what sorting by spam attribute will use as a sort key. That's a pretty complicated example, and most people's actual environments will have only one spam filter. The simpler your configuration, the more effective Mutt can be, especially when it comes to sorting. Generally, when you sort by spam tag, Mutt will sort _l_e_x_i_c_a_l_l_y -- that is, by ordering strings alphanumerically. However, if a spam tag begins with a number, Mutt will sort numerically first, and lexically only when two numbers are equal in value. (This is like UNIX's sort -n.) A message with no spam attributes at all -- that is, one that didn't match _a_n_y of your _s_p_a_m patterns -- is sorted at lowest priority. Numbers are sorted next, beginning with 0 and ranging upward. Finally, non-numeric strings are sorted, with "a" taking lower priority than "z". Clearly, in general, sorting by spam tags is most effective when you can coerce your filter to give you a raw number. But in case you can't, Mutt can still do something useful. The _n_o_s_p_a_m command can be used to write exceptions to _s_p_a_m patterns. If a header pattern matches something in a _s_p_a_m command, but you nonetheless do not want it to receive a spam tag, you can list a more precise pattern under a _n_o_s_p_a_m command. If the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n given to _n_o_s_p_a_m is exactly the same as the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n on an existing _s_p_a_m list entry, the effect will be to remove the entry from the spam list, instead of adding an exception. Likewise, if the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n for a _s_p_a_m command matches an entry on the _n_o_s_p_a_m list, that nospam entry will be removed. If the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n for _n_o_s_p_a_m is "*", _a_l_l_ _e_n_t_r_i_e_s_ _o_n _b_o_t_h_ _l_i_s_t_s will be removed. This might be the default action if you use _s_p_a_m and _n_o_s_p_a_m in conjunction with a _f_o_l_d_e_r_-_h_o_o_k. You can have as many _s_p_a_m or _n_o_s_p_a_m commands as you like. You can even do your own primitive _s_p_a_m detection within Mutt -- for example, if you consider all mail from MAILER-DAEMON to be spam, you can use a _s_p_a_m command like this: spam "^From: .*MAILER-DAEMON" "999" 26. Setting and Querying Variables 26.1. Variable Types Mutt supports these types of configuration variables: boolean A boolean expression, either "yes" or "no". number A signed integer number in the range -32768 to 32767. string Arbitrary text. path A specialized string for representing paths including support for mailbox shortcuts (see SSeeccttiioonn  88,,  ""MMaaiillbbooxx  SShhoorrttccuuttss"") as well as tilde ("~") for a user's home directory and more. quadoption Like a boolean but triggers a prompt when set to "ask-yes" or "ask-no" with "yes" and "no" preselected respectively. sort order A specialized string allowing only particular words as values depending on the variable. regular expression A regular expression, see SSeeccttiioonn  22,,  ""RReegguullaarr  EExxpprreessssiioonnss"" for an introduction. folder magic Specifies the type of folder to use: _m_b_o_x, _m_m_d_f, _m_h or _m_a_i_l_d_i_r. Currently only used to determine the type for newly created folders. e-mail address An e-mail address either with or without realname. The older "user@example.org (Joe User)" form is supported but strongly deprecated. user-defined Arbitrary text, see SSeeccttiioonn  2266..33,,  ""UUsseerr--DDeeffiinneedd  VVaarriiaabblleess"" for details. 26.2. Commands The following commands are available to manipulate and query variables: Usage: set { [ no | inv ] _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e | _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_=_v_a_l_u_e } [...] toggle _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e ...] unset _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e ...] reset _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e ...] This command is used to set (and unset) ccoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  vvaarriiaabblleess. There are four basic types of variables: boolean, number, string and quadoption. _b_o_o_l_e_a_n variables can be _s_e_t (true) or _u_n_s_e_t (false). _n_u_m_b_e_r variables can be assigned a positive integer value. _s_t_r_i_n_g variables consist of any number of printable characters and must be enclosed in quotes if they contain spaces or tabs. You may also use the escape sequences "\n" and "\t" for newline and tab, respectively. _q_u_a_d_o_p_t_i_o_n variables are used to control whether or not to be prompted for certain actions, or to specify a default action. A value of _y_e_s will cause the action to be carried out automatically as if you had answered yes to the question. Similarly, a value of _n_o will cause the action to be carried out as if you had answered "no." A value of _a_s_k_-_y_e_s will cause a prompt with a default answer of "yes" and _a_s_k_-_n_o will provide a default answer of "no." Prefixing a variable with "no" will unset it. Example: _s_e_t noaskbcc. For _b_o_o_l_e_a_n variables, you may optionally prefix the variable name with inv to toggle the value (on or off). This is useful when writing macros. Example: _s_e_t invsmart_wrap. The _t_o_g_g_l_e command automatically prepends the inv prefix to all specified variables. The _u_n_s_e_t command automatically prepends the no prefix to all specified variables. Using the <enter-command> function in the _i_n_d_e_x menu, you can query the value of a variable by prefixing the name of the variable with a question mark: set ?allow_8bit The question mark is actually only required for boolean and quadoption variables. The _r_e_s_e_t command resets all given variables to the compile time defaults (hopefully mentioned in this manual). If you use the command _s_e_t and prefix the variable with "&" this has the same behavior as the _r_e_s_e_t command. With the _r_e_s_e_t command there exists the special variable "all", which allows you to reset all variables to their system defaults. 26.3. User-Defined Variables 26.3.1. Introduction Along with the variables listed in the CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  vvaarriiaabblleess section, Mutt supports user-defined variables with names starting with my_ as in, for example, my_cfgdir. The _s_e_t command either creates a custom my_ variable or changes its value if it does exist already. The _u_n_s_e_t and _r_e_s_e_t commands remove the variable entirely. Since user-defined variables are expanded in the same way that environment variables are (except for the sshheellll--eessccaappee command and backtick expansion), this feature can be used to make configuration files more readable. 26.3.2. Examples The following example defines and uses the variable my_cfgdir to abbreviate the calls of the ssoouurrccee command: _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._1_5_._ _U_s_i_n_g_ _u_s_e_r_-_d_e_f_i_n_e_d_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_g_ _f_i_l_e_ _r_e_a_d_a_b_i_l_i_t_y set my_cfgdir = $HOME/mutt/config source $my_cfgdir/hooks source $my_cfgdir/macros # more source commands... A custom variable can also be used in macros to backup the current value of another variable. In the following example, the value of the $$ddeelleettee is changed temporarily while its original value is saved as my_delete. After the macro has executed all commands, the original value of $$ddeelleettee is restored. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._1_6_._ _U_s_i_n_g_ _u_s_e_r_-_d_e_f_i_n_e_d_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _b_a_c_k_i_n_g_ _u_p_ _o_t_h_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_g _o_p_t_i_o_n_ _v_a_l_u_e_s macro pager ,x '\ <enter-command>set my_delete=$delete<enter>\ <enter-command>set delete=yes<enter>\ ...\ <enter-command>set delete=$my_delete<enter>' Since Mutt expands such values already when parsing the configuration file(s), the value of $my_delete in the last example would be the value of $$ddeelleettee exactly as it was at that point during parsing the configuration file. If another statement would change the value for $$ddeelleettee later in the same or another file, it would have no effect on $my_delete. However, the expansion can be deferred to runtime, as shown in the next example, when escaping the dollar sign. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._1_7_._ _D_e_f_e_r_r_i_n_g_ _u_s_e_r_-_d_e_f_i_n_e_d_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_ _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n_ _t_o_ _r_u_n_t_i_m_e macro pager <PageDown> "\ <enter-command> set my_old_pager_stop=\$pager_stop pager_stop<Enter>\ <next-page>\ <enter-command> set pager_stop=\$my_old_pager_stop<Enter>\ <enter-command> unset my_old_pager_stop<Enter>" Note that there is a space between <enter-command> and the _s_e_t configuration command, preventing Mutt from recording the _m_a_c_r_o's commands into its history. 26.4. Type Conversions Variables are always assigned string values which Mutt parses into its internal representation according to the type of the variable, for example an integer number for numeric types. For all queries (including $-expansion) the value is converted from its internal type back into string. As a result, any variable can be assigned any value given that its content is valid for the target. This also counts for custom variables which are of type string. In case of parsing errors, Mutt will print error messages. EExxaammppllee  33..1188,,  ""TTyyppee  ccoonnvveerrssiioonnss  uussiinngg vvaarriiaabblleess"" demonstrates type conversions. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._1_8_._ _T_y_p_e_ _c_o_n_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_s_ _u_s_i_n_g_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s set my_lines = "5" # value is string "5" set pager_index_lines = $my_lines # value is integer 5 set my_sort = "date-received" # value is string "date-received" set sort = "last-$my_sort" # value is sort last-date-received set my_inc = $read_inc # value is string "10" (default of $read_inc) set my_foo = $my_inc # value is string "10" These assignments are all valid. If, however, the value of $my_lines would have been "five" (or something else that cannot be parsed into a number), the assignment to $pager_index_lines would have produced an error message. Type conversion applies to all configuration commands which take arguments. But please note that every expanded value of a variable is considered just a single token. A working example is: set my_pattern = "~A" set my_number = "10" # same as: score ~A +10 score $my_pattern +$my_number What does _n_o_t work is: set my_mx = "+mailbox1 +mailbox2" mailboxes $my_mx +mailbox3 because the value of $my_mx is interpreted as a single mailbox named "+mailbox1 +mailbox2" and not two distinct mailboxes. 27. Reading Initialization Commands From Another File Usage: source _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e This command allows the inclusion of initialization commands from other files. For example, I place all of my aliases in ~/.mail_aliases so that I can make my ~/.muttrc readable and keep my aliases private. If the filename begins with a tilde ("~"), it will be expanded to the path of your home directory. If the filename ends with a vertical bar ("|"), then _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is considered to be an executable program from which to read input (e.g. _s_o_u_r_c_e ~/bin/myscript|). 28. Removing Hooks Usage: unhook { _* | _h_o_o_k_-_t_y_p_e } This command permits you to flush hooks you have previously defined. You can either remove all hooks by giving the "*" character as an argument, or you can remove all hooks of a specific type by saying something like _u_n_h_o_o_k send-hook. 29. Format Strings 29.1. Basic usage Format strings are a general concept you'll find in several locations through the Mutt configuration, especially in the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt, $$ppaaggeerr__ffoorrmmaatt, $$ssttaattuuss__ffoorrmmaatt, and other related variables. These can be very straightforward, and it's quite possible you already know how to use them. The most basic format string element is a percent symbol followed by another character. For example, %s represents a message's Subject: header in the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt variable. The "expandos" available are documented with each format variable, but there are general modifiers available with all formatting expandos, too. Those are our concern here. Some of the modifiers are borrowed right out of C (though you might know them from Perl, Python, shell, or another language). These are the [-]m.n modifiers, as in %-12.12s. As with such programming languages, these modifiers allow you to specify the minimum and maximum size of the resulting string, as well as its justification. If the "-" sign follows the percent, the string will be left-justified instead of right-justified. If there's a number immediately following that, it's the minimum amount of space the formatted string will occupy -- if it's naturally smaller than that, it will be padded out with spaces. If a decimal point and another number follow, that's the maximum space allowable -- the string will not be permitted to exceed that width, no matter its natural size. Each of these three elements is optional, so that all these are legal format strings: %-12s, %4c, %.15F and %-12.15L. Mutt adds some other modifiers to format strings. If you use an equals symbol (=) as a numeric prefix (like the minus above), it will force the string to be centered within its minimum space range. For example, %=14y will reserve 14 characters for the %y expansion -- that's the X-Label: header, in $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt. If the expansion results in a string less than 14 characters, it will be centered in a 14-character space. If the X-Label for a message were "test", that expansion would look like " test ". There are two very little-known modifiers that affect the way that an expando is replaced. If there is an underline ("_") character between any format modifiers (as above) and the expando letter, it will expands in all lower case. And if you use a colon (":"), it will replace all decimal points with underlines. 29.2. Conditionals Depending on the format string variable, some of its sequences can be used to optionally print a string if their value is nonzero. For example, you may only want to see the number of flagged messages if such messages exist, since zero is not particularly meaningful. To optionally print a string based upon one of the above sequences, the following construct is used: %?<sequence_char>?<optional_string>? where _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e___c_h_a_r is an expando, and _o_p_t_i_o_n_a_l___s_t_r_i_n_g is the string you would like printed if _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e___c_h_a_r is nonzero. _o_p_t_i_o_n_a_l___s_t_r_i_n_g may contain other sequences as well as normal text, but you may not nest optional strings. Here is an example illustrating how to optionally print the number of new messages in a mailbox in $$ssttaattuuss__ffoorrmmaatt: %?n?%n new messages.? You can also switch between two strings using the following construct: %?<sequence_char>?<if_string>&<else_string>? If the value of _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e___c_h_a_r is non-zero, _i_f___s_t_r_i_n_g will be expanded, otherwise _e_l_s_e___s_t_r_i_n_g will be expanded. 29.3. Filters Any format string ending in a vertical bar ("|") will be expanded and piped through the first word in the string, using spaces as separator. The string returned will be used for display. If the returned string ends in %, it will be passed through the formatter a second time. This allows the filter to generate a replacement format string including % expandos. All % expandos in a format string are expanded before the script is called so that: _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _3_._1_9_._ _U_s_i_n_g_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _f_i_l_t_e_r_s_ _i_n_ _f_o_r_m_a_t_ _s_t_r_i_n_g_s set status_format="script.sh '%r %f (%L)'|" will make Mutt expand %r, %f and %L before calling the script. The example also shows that arguments can be quoted: the script will receive the expanded string between the single quotes as the only argument. A practical example is the mutt_xtitle script installed in the samples subdirectory of the Mutt documentation: it can be used as filter for $$ssttaattuuss__ffoorrmmaatt to set the current terminal's title, if supported. 29.4. Padding In most format strings, Mutt supports different types of padding using special %-expandos: %|X When this occurs, Mutt will fill the rest of the line with the character X. For example, filling the rest of the line with dashes is done by setting: set status_format = "%v on %h: %B: %?n?%n&no? new messages %|-" %>X Since the previous expando stops at the end of line, there must be a way to fill the gap between two items via the %>X expando: it puts as many characters X in between two items so that the rest of the line will be right-justified. For example, to not put the version string and hostname the above example on the left but on the right and fill the gap with spaces, one might use (note the space after %>): set status_format = "%B: %?n?%n&no? new messages %> (%v on %h)" %*X Normal right-justification will print everything to the left of the %>, displaying padding and whatever lies to the right only if there's room. By contrast, "soft-fill" gives priority to the right-hand side, guaranteeing space to display it and showing padding only if there's still room. If necessary, soft-fill will eat text leftwards to make room for rightward text. For example, to right-justify the subject making sure as much as possible of it fits on screen, one might use (note two spaces after %* : the second ensures there's a space between the truncated right-hand side and the subject): set index_format="%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15L (%?l?%4l&%4c?)%* %s" Chapter 4. Advanced Usage _T_a_b_l_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_n_t_e_n_t_s 11..  CChhaarraacctteerr  SSeett  HHaannddlliinngg 22..  RReegguullaarr  EExxpprreessssiioonnss 33..  PPaatttteerrnnss::  SSeeaarrcchhiinngg,,  LLiimmiittiinngg  aanndd  TTaaggggiinngg 33..11..  PPaatttteerrnn  MMooddiiffiieerr 33..22..  SSiimmppllee  SSeeaarrcchheess 33..33..  NNeessttiinngg  aanndd  BBoooolleeaann  OOppeerraattoorrss 33..44..  SSeeaarrcchhiinngg  bbyy  DDaattee 44..  UUssiinngg  TTaaggss 55..  UUssiinngg  HHooookkss 55..11..  MMeessssaaggee  MMaattcchhiinngg  iinn  HHooookkss 66..  EExxtteerrnnaall  AAddddrreessss  QQuueerriieess 77..  MMaaiillbbooxx  FFoorrmmaattss 88..  MMaaiillbbooxx  SShhoorrttccuuttss 99..  HHaannddlliinngg  MMaaiilliinngg  LLiissttss 1100..  NNeeww  MMaaiill  DDeetteeccttiioonn 1100..11..  HHooww  NNeeww  MMaaiill  DDeetteeccttiioonn  WWoorrkkss 1100..22..  PPoolllliinngg  FFoorr  NNeeww  MMaaiill 1111..  EEddiittiinngg  TThhrreeaaddss 1111..11..  LLiinnkkiinngg  TThhrreeaaddss 1111..22..  BBrreeaakkiinngg  TThhrreeaaddss 1122..  DDeelliivveerryy  SSttaattuuss  NNoottiiffiiccaattiioonn  ((DDSSNN))  SSuuppppoorrtt 1133..  SSttaarrtt  aa  WWWWWW  BBrroowwsseerr  oonn  UURRLLss 1144..  MMiisscceellllaannyy 1. Character Set Handling A "character set" is basically a mapping between bytes and glyphs and implies a certain character encoding scheme. For example, for the ISO 8859 family of character sets, an encoding of 8bit per character is used. For the Unicode character set, different character encodings may be used, UTF-8 being the most popular. In UTF-8, a character is represented using a variable number of bytes ranging from 1 to 4. Since Mutt is a command-line tool run from a shell, and delegates certain tasks to external tools (such as an editor for composing/editing messages), all of these tools need to agree on a character set and encoding. There exists no way to reliably deduce the character set a plain text file has. Interoperability is gained by the use of well-defined environment variables. The full set can be printed by issuing locale on the command line. Upon startup, Mutt determines the character set on its own using routines that inspect locale-specific environment variables. Therefore, it is generally not necessary to set the $charset variable in Mutt. It may even be counter-productive as Mutt uses system and library functions that derive the character set themselves and on which Mutt has no influence. It's safest to let Mutt work out the locale setup itself. If you happen to work with several character sets on a regular basis, it's highly advisable to use Unicode and an UTF-8 locale. Unicode can represent nearly all characters in a message at the same time. When not using a Unicode locale, it may happen that you receive messages with characters not representable in your locale. When displaying such a message, or replying to or forwarding it, information may get lost possibly rendering the message unusable (not only for you but also for the recipient, this breakage is not reversible as lost information cannot be guessed). A Unicode locale makes all conversions superfluous which eliminates the risk of conversion errors. It also eliminates potentially wrong expectations about the character set between Mutt and external programs. The terminal emulator used also must be properly configured for the current locale. Terminal emulators usually do _n_o_t derive the locale from environment variables, they need to be configured separately. If the terminal is incorrectly configured, Mutt may display random and unexpected characters (question marks, octal codes, or just random glyphs), format strings may not work as expected, you may not be abled to enter non-ascii characters, and possible more. Data is always represented using bytes and so a correct setup is very important as to the machine, all character sets "look" the same. Warning: A mismatch between what system and library functions think the locale is and what Mutt was told what the locale is may make it behave badly with non-ascii input: it will fail at seemingly random places. This warning is to be taken seriously since not only local mail handling may suffer: sent messages may carry wrong character set information the _r_e_c_e_i_v_e_r has too deal with. The need to set $charset directly in most cases points at terminal and environment variable setup problems, not Mutt problems. A list of officially assigned and known character sets can be found at IIAANNAA, a list of locally supported locales can be obtained by running locale -a. 2. Regular Expressions All string patterns in Mutt including those in more complex ppaatttteerrnnss must be specified using regular expressions (regexp) in the "POSIX extended" syntax (which is more or less the syntax used by egrep and GNU awk). For your convenience, we have included below a brief description of this syntax. The search is case sensitive if the pattern contains at least one upper case letter, and case insensitive otherwise. Note "\" must be quoted if used for a regular expression in an initialization command: "\\". A regular expression is a pattern that describes a set of strings. Regular expressions are constructed analogously to arithmetic expressions, by using various operators to combine smaller expressions. Note The regular expression can be enclosed/delimited by either " or ' which is useful if the regular expression includes a white-space character. See SSyynnttaaxx  ooff  IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn  FFiilleess for more information on " and ' delimiter processing. To match a literal " or ' you must preface it with \ (backslash). The fundamental building blocks are the regular expressions that match a single character. Most characters, including all letters and digits, are regular expressions that match themselves. Any metacharacter with special meaning may be quoted by preceding it with a backslash. The period "." matches any single character. The caret "^" and the dollar sign "$" are metacharacters that respectively match the empty string at the beginning and end of a line. A list of characters enclosed by "[" and "]" matches any single character in that list; if the first character of the list is a caret "^" then it matches any character _n_o_t in the list. For example, the regular expression _[_0_1_2_3_4_5_6_7_8_9_] matches any single digit. A range of ASCII characters may be specified by giving the first and last characters, separated by a hyphen "-". Most metacharacters lose their special meaning inside lists. To include a literal "]" place it first in the list. Similarly, to include a literal "^" place it anywhere but first. Finally, to include a literal hyphen "-" place it last. Certain named classes of characters are predefined. Character classes consist of "[:", a keyword denoting the class, and ":]". The following classes are defined by the POSIX standard in TTaabbllee  44..11,,  ""PPOOSSIIXX  rreegguullaarr eexxpprreessssiioonn  cchhaarraacctteerr  ccllaasssseess"" _T_a_b_l_e_ _4_._1_._ _P_O_S_I_X_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_r_ _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_ _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_ _c_l_a_s_s_e_s Character class Description [:alnum:] Alphanumeric characters [:alpha:] Alphabetic characters [:blank:] Space or tab characters [:cntrl:] Control characters [:digit:] Numeric characters [:graph:] Characters that are both printable and visible. (A space is printable, but not visible, while an "a" is both) [:lower:] Lower-case alphabetic characters [:print:] Printable characters (characters that are not control characters) [:punct:] Punctuation characters (characters that are not letter, digits, control characters, or space characters) [:space:] Space characters (such as space, tab and formfeed, to name a few) [:upper:] Upper-case alphabetic characters [:xdigit:] Characters that are hexadecimal digits A character class is only valid in a regular expression inside the brackets of a character list. Note Note that the brackets in these class names are part of the symbolic names, and must be included in addition to the brackets delimiting the bracket list. For example, _[_[_:_d_i_g_i_t_:_]_] is equivalent to _[_0_-_9_]. Two additional special sequences can appear in character lists. These apply to non-ASCII character sets, which can have single symbols (called collating elements) that are represented with more than one character, as well as several characters that are equivalent for collating or sorting purposes: Collating Symbols A collating symbol is a multi-character collating element enclosed in "[." and ".]". For example, if "ch" is a collating element, then _[_[_._c_h_._]_] is a regexp that matches this collating element, while _[_c_h_] is a regexp that matches either "c" or "h". Equivalence Classes An equivalence class is a locale-specific name for a list of characters that are equivalent. The name is enclosed in "[=" and "=]". For example, the name "e" might be used to represent all of "e" with grave ("e"), "e" with acute ("e") and "e". In this case, _[_[_=_e_=_]_] is a regexp that matches any of: "e" with grave ("e"), "e" with acute ("e") and "e". A regular expression matching a single character may be followed by one of several repetition operators described in TTaabbllee  44..22,,  ""RReegguullaarr eexxpprreessssiioonn  rreeppeettiittiioonn  ooppeerraattoorrss"". _T_a_b_l_e_ _4_._2_._ _R_e_g_u_l_a_r_ _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_ _r_e_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_ _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r_s Operator Description ? The preceding item is optional and matched at most once * The preceding item will be matched zero or more times + The preceding item will be matched one or more times {n} The preceding item is matched exactly _n times {n,} The preceding item is matched _n or more times {,m} The preceding item is matched at most _m times {n,m} The preceding item is matched at least _n times, but no more than _m times Two regular expressions may be concatenated; the resulting regular expression matches any string formed by concatenating two substrings that respectively match the concatenated subexpressions. Two regular expressions may be joined by the infix operator "|"; the resulting regular expression matches any string matching either subexpression. Repetition takes precedence over concatenation, which in turn takes precedence over alternation. A whole subexpression may be enclosed in parentheses to override these precedence rules. Note If you compile Mutt with the included regular expression engine, the following operators may also be used in regular expressions as described in TTaabbllee  44..33,,  ""GGNNUU  rreegguullaarr  eexxpprreessssiioonn  eexxtteennssiioonnss"". _T_a_b_l_e_ _4_._3_._ _G_N_U_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_r_ _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n_s Expression Description \\y Matches the empty string at either the beginning or the end of a word \\B Matches the empty string within a word \\< Matches the empty string at the beginning of a word \\> Matches the empty string at the end of a word \\w Matches any word-constituent character (letter, digit, or underscore) \\W Matches any character that is not word-constituent \\` Matches the empty string at the beginning of a buffer (string) \\' Matches the empty string at the end of a buffer Please note however that these operators are not defined by POSIX, so they may or may not be available in stock libraries on various systems. 3. Patterns: Searching, Limiting and Tagging 3.1. Pattern Modifier Many of Mutt's commands allow you to specify a pattern to match (limit, tag-pattern, delete-pattern, etc.). TTaabbllee  44..44,,  ""PPaatttteerrnn  mmooddiiffiieerrss"" shows several ways to select messages. _T_a_b_l_e_ _4_._4_._ _P_a_t_t_e_r_n_ _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s Pattern modifier Description ~A all messages ~b _E_X_P_R messages which contain _E_X_P_R in the message body =b _S_T_R_I_N_G messages which contain _S_T_R_I_N_G in the message body. If IMAP is enabled, searches for _S_T_R_I_N_G on the server, rather than downloading each message and searching it locally. ~B _E_X_P_R messages which contain _E_X_P_R in the whole message ~c _E_X_P_R messages carbon-copied to _E_X_P_R %c _G_R_O_U_P messages carbon-copied to any member of _G_R_O_U_P ~C _E_X_P_R messages either to: or cc: _E_X_P_R %C _G_R_O_U_P messages either to: or cc: to any member of _G_R_O_U_P ~d [_M_I_N]-[_M_A_X] messages with "date-sent" in a Date range ~D deleted messages ~e _E_X_P_R messages which contains _E_X_P_R in the "Sender" field %e _G_R_O_U_P messages which contain a member of _G_R_O_U_P in the "Sender" field ~E expired messages ~F flagged messages ~f _E_X_P_R messages originating from _E_X_P_R %f _G_R_O_U_P messages originating from any member of _G_R_O_U_P ~g cryptographically signed messages ~G cryptographically encrypted messages ~h _E_X_P_R messages which contain _E_X_P_R in the message header ~H _E_X_P_R messages with a spam attribute matching _E_X_P_R ~i _E_X_P_R messages which match _E_X_P_R in the "Message-ID" field ~k messages which contain PGP key material ~L _E_X_P_R messages either originated or received by _E_X_P_R %L _G_R_O_U_P message either originated or received by any member of _G_R_O_U_P ~l messages addressed to a known mailing list ~m [_M_I_N]-[_M_A_X] messages in the range _M_I_N to _M_A_X *) ~n [_M_I_N]-[_M_A_X] messages with a score in the range _M_I_N to _M_A_X *) ~N new messages ~O old messages ~p messages addressed to you (consults _a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s) ~P messages from you (consults _a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_e_s) ~Q messages which have been replied to ~r [_M_I_N]-[_M_A_X] messages with "date-received" in a Date range ~R read messages ~s _E_X_P_R messages having _E_X_P_R in the "Subject" field. ~S superseded messages ~t _E_X_P_R messages addressed to _E_X_P_R ~T tagged messages ~u messages addressed to a subscribed mailing list ~U unread messages ~v messages part of a collapsed thread. ~V cryptographically verified messages ~x _E_X_P_R messages which contain _E_X_P_R in the "References" or "In-Reply-To" field ~X [_M_I_N]-[_M_A_X] messages with _M_I_N to _M_A_X attachments *) ~y _E_X_P_R messages which contain _E_X_P_R in the "X-Label" field ~z [_M_I_N]-[_M_A_X] messages with a size in the range _M_I_N to _M_A_X *) **) ~= duplicated messages (see $$dduupplliiccaattee__tthhrreeaaddss) ~$ unreferenced messages (requires threaded view) ~(_P_A_T_T_E_R_N) messages in threads containing messages matching _P_A_T_T_E_R_N, e.g. all threads containing messages from you: ~(~P) Where _E_X_P_R is a rreegguullaarr  eexxpprreessssiioonn, and _G_R_O_U_P is an aaddddrreessss  ggrroouupp. *) The forms "<[_M_A_X]", ">[_M_I_N]", "[_M_I_N]-" and "-[_M_A_X]" are allowed, too. **) The suffixes "K" and "M" are allowed to specify kilobyte and megabyte respectively. Special attention has to be payed when using regular expressions inside of patterns. Specifically, Mutt's parser for these patterns will strip one level of backslash ("\"), which is normally used for quoting. If it is your intention to use a backslash in the regular expression, you will need to use two backslashes instead ("\\"). You can force Mutt to treat _E_X_P_R as a simple string instead of a regular expression by using = instead of ~ in the pattern name. For example, =b *.* will find all messages that contain the literal string "*.*". Simple string matches are less powerful than regular expressions but can be considerably faster. This is especially true for IMAP folders, because string matches can be performed on the server instead of by fetching every message. IMAP treats =h specially: it must be of the form "header: substring" and will not partially match header names. The substring part may be omitted if you simply wish to find messages containing a particular header without regard to its value. Patterns matching lists of addresses (notably c, C, p, P and t) match if there is at least one match in the whole list. If you want to make sure that all elements of that list match, you need to prefix your pattern with "^". This example matches all mails which only has recipients from Germany. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _4_._1_._ _M_a_t_c_h_i_n_g_ _a_l_l_ _a_d_d_r_e_s_s_e_s_ _i_n_ _a_d_d_r_e_s_s_ _l_i_s_t_s ^~C \.de$ 3.2. Simple Searches Mutt supports two versions of so called "simple searches". These are issued if the query entered for searching, limiting and similar operations does not seem to contain a valid pattern modifier (i.e. it does not contain one of these characters: "~", "=" or "%"). If the query is supposed to contain one of these special characters, they must be escaped by prepending a backslash ("\"). The first type is by checking whether the query string equals a keyword case-insensitively from TTaabbllee  44..55,,  ""SSiimmppllee  sseeaarrcchh  kkeeyywwoorrddss"": If that is the case, Mutt will use the shown pattern modifier instead. If a keyword would conflict with your search keyword, you need to turn it into a regular expression to avoid matching the keyword table. For example, if you want to find all messages matching "flag" (using $$ssiimmppllee__sseeaarrcchh) but don't want to match flagged messages, simply search for "[f]lag". _T_a_b_l_e_ _4_._5_._ _S_i_m_p_l_e_ _s_e_a_r_c_h_ _k_e_y_w_o_r_d_s Keyword Pattern modifier all ~A . ~A ^ ~A del ~D flag ~F new ~N old ~O repl ~Q read ~R tag ~T unread ~U The second type of simple search is to build a complex search pattern using $$ssiimmppllee__sseeaarrcchh as a template. Mutt will insert your query properly quoted and search for the composed complex query. 3.3. Nesting and Boolean Operators Logical AND is performed by specifying more than one criterion. For example: ~t mutt ~f elkins would select messages which contain the word "mutt" in the list of recipients _a_n_d that have the word "elkins" in the "From" header field. Mutt also recognizes the following operators to create more complex search patterns: * ! -- logical NOT operator * | -- logical OR operator * () -- logical grouping operator Here is an example illustrating a complex search pattern. This pattern will select all messages which do not contain "mutt" in the "To" or "Cc" field and which are from "elkins". _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _4_._2_._ _U_s_i_n_g_ _b_o_o_l_e_a_n_ _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r_s_ _i_n_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s !(~t mutt|~c mutt) ~f elkins Here is an example using white space in the regular expression (note the "'" and """ delimiters). For this to match, the mail's subject must match the "^Junk +From +Me$" and it must be from either "Jim +Somebody" or "Ed +SomeoneElse": '~s "^Junk +From +Me$" ~f ("Jim +Somebody"|"Ed +SomeoneElse")' Note If a regular expression contains parenthesis, or a vertical bar ("|"), you _m_u_s_t enclose the expression in double or single quotes since those characters are also used to separate different parts of Mutt's pattern language. For example: ~f "me@(mutt\.org|cs\.hmc\.edu)" Without the quotes, the parenthesis wouldn't end. This would be separated to two OR'd patterns: _~_f_ _m_e_@_(_m_u_t_t_\_._o_r_g and _c_s_\_._h_m_c_\_._e_d_u_). They are never what you want. 3.4. Searching by Date Mutt supports two types of dates, _a_b_s_o_l_u_t_e and _r_e_l_a_t_i_v_e. 3.4.1. Absolute Dates Dates _m_u_s_t be in DD/MM/YY format (month and year are optional, defaulting to the current month and year). An example of a valid range of dates is: Limit to messages matching: ~d 20/1/95-31/10 If you omit the minimum (first) date, and just specify "-DD/MM/YY", all messages _b_e_f_o_r_e the given date will be selected. If you omit the maximum (second) date, and specify "DD/MM/YY-", all messages _a_f_t_e_r the given date will be selected. If you specify a single date with no dash ("-"), only messages sent on the given date will be selected. You can add error margins to absolute dates. An error margin is a sign (+ or -), followed by a digit, followed by one of the units in TTaabbllee  44..66,,  ""DDaattee  uunniittss"". As a special case, you can replace the sign by a "*" character, which is equivalent to giving identical plus and minus error margins. _T_a_b_l_e_ _4_._6_._ _D_a_t_e_ _u_n_i_t_s Unit Description y Years m Months w Weeks d Days Example: To select any messages two weeks around January 15, 2001, you'd use the following pattern: Limit to messages matching: ~d 15/1/2001*2w 3.4.2. Relative Dates This type of date is relative to the current date, and may be specified as: * >_o_f_f_s_e_t for messages older than _o_f_f_s_e_t units * <_o_f_f_s_e_t for messages newer than _o_f_f_s_e_t units * =_o_f_f_s_e_t for messages exactly _o_f_f_s_e_t units old _o_f_f_s_e_t is specified as a positive number with one of the units from TTaabbllee  44..66,,  ""DDaattee  uunniittss"". Example: to select messages less than 1 month old, you would use Limit to messages matching: ~d <1m Note All dates used when searching are relative to the _l_o_c_a_l time zone, so unless you change the setting of your $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt to include a %[...] format, these are _n_o_t the dates shown in the main index. 4. Using Tags Sometimes it is desirable to perform an operation on a group of messages all at once rather than one at a time. An example might be to save messages to a mailing list to a separate folder, or to delete all messages with a given subject. To tag all messages matching a pattern, use the <tag-pattern> function, which is bound to "shift-T" by default. Or you can select individual messages by hand using the <tag-message> function, which is bound to "t" by default. See ppaatttteerrnnss for Mutt's pattern matching syntax. Once you have tagged the desired messages, you can use the "tag-prefix" operator, which is the ";" (semicolon) key by default. When the "tag-prefix" operator is used, the _n_e_x_t operation will be applied to all tagged messages if that operation can be used in that manner. If the $$aauuttoo__ttaagg variable is set, the next operation applies to the tagged messages automatically, without requiring the "tag-prefix". In mmaaccrrooss or ppuusshh commands, you can use the <tag-prefix-cond> operator. If there are no tagged messages, Mutt will "eat" the rest of the macro to abort it's execution. Mutt will stop "eating" the macro when it encounters the <end-cond> operator; after this operator the rest of the macro will be executed as normal. 5. Using Hooks A _h_o_o_k is a concept found in many other programs which allows you to execute arbitrary commands before performing some operation. For example, you may wish to tailor your configuration based upon which mailbox you are reading, or to whom you are sending mail. In the Mutt world, a _h_o_o_k consists of a rreegguullaarr  eexxpprreessssiioonn or ppaatttteerrnn along with a configuration option/command. See: * aaccccoouunntt--hhooookk * cchhaarrsseett--hhooookk * ccrryypptt--hhooookk * ffcccc--hhooookk * ffcccc--ssaavvee--hhooookk * ffoollddeerr--hhooookk * iiccoonnvv--hhooookk * mmbbooxx--hhooookk * mmeessssaaggee--hhooookk * rreeppllyy--hhooookk * ssaavvee--hhooookk * sseenndd--hhooookk * sseenndd22--hhooookk for specific details on each type of _h_o_o_k available. Note If a hook changes configuration settings, these changes remain effective until the end of the current Mutt session. As this is generally not desired, a "default" hook needs to be added before all other hooks of that type to restore configuration defaults. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _4_._3_._ _S_p_e_c_i_f_y_i_n_g_ _a_ _"_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_"_ _h_o_o_k send-hook . 'unmy_hdr From:' send-hook ~C'^b@b\.b$' my_hdr from: c@c.c In EExxaammppllee  44..33,,  ""SSppeecciiffyyiinngg  aa  ""ddeeffaauulltt""  hhooookk"", by default the value of $$ffrroomm and $$rreeaallnnaammee is not overridden. When sending messages either To: or Cc: to <b@b.b>, the From: header is changed to <c@c.c>. 5.1. Message Matching in Hooks Hooks that act upon messages (_m_e_s_s_a_g_e_-_h_o_o_k, _r_e_p_l_y_-_h_o_o_k, _s_e_n_d_-_h_o_o_k, _s_e_n_d_2_-_h_o_o_k, _s_a_v_e_-_h_o_o_k, _f_c_c_-_h_o_o_k) are evaluated in a slightly different manner. For the other types of hooks, a rreegguullaarr  eexxpprreessssiioonn is sufficient. But in dealing with messages a finer grain of control is needed for matching since for different purposes you want to match different criteria. Mutt allows the use of the sseeaarrcchh  ppaatttteerrnn language for matching messages in hook commands. This works in exactly the same way as it would when _l_i_m_i_t_i_n_g or _s_e_a_r_c_h_i_n_g the mailbox, except that you are restricted to those operators which match information Mutt extracts from the header of the message (i.e., from, to, cc, date, subject, etc.). For example, if you wanted to set your return address based upon sending mail to a specific address, you could do something like: send-hook '~t ^me@cs\.hmc\.edu$' 'my_hdr From: Mutt User <user@host>' which would execute the given command when sending mail to _m_e_@_c_s_._h_m_c_._e_d_u. However, it is not required that you write the pattern to match using the full searching language. You can still specify a simple _r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n like the other hooks, in which case Mutt will translate your pattern into the full language, using the translation specified by the $$ddeeffaauulltt__hhooookk variable. The pattern is translated at the time the hook is declared, so the value of $$ddeeffaauulltt__hhooookk that is in effect at that time will be used. 6. External Address Queries Mutt supports connecting to external directory databases such as LDAP, ph/qi, bbdb, or NIS through a wrapper script which connects to Mutt using a simple interface. Using the $$qquueerryy__ccoommmmaanndd variable, you specify the wrapper command to use. For example: set query_command = "mutt_ldap_query.pl %s" The wrapper script should accept the query on the command-line. It should return a one line message, then each matching response on a single line, each line containing a tab separated address then name then some other optional information. On error, or if there are no matching addresses, return a non-zero exit code and a one line error message. An example multiple response output: Searching database ... 20 entries ... 3 matching: me@cs.hmc.edu Michael Elkins mutt dude blong@fiction.net Brandon Long mutt and more roessler@does-not-exist.org Thomas Roessler mutt pgp There are two mechanisms for accessing the query function of Mutt. One is to do a query from the index menu using the <query> function (default: Q). This will prompt for a query, then bring up the query menu which will list the matching responses. From the query menu, you can select addresses to create aliases, or to mail. You can tag multiple addresses to mail, start a new query, or have a new query appended to the current responses. The other mechanism for accessing the query function is for address completion, similar to the alias completion. In any prompt for address entry, you can use the <complete-query> function (default: ^T) to run a query based on the current address you have typed. Like aliases, Mutt will look for what you have typed back to the last space or comma. If there is a single response for that query, Mutt will expand the address in place. If there are multiple responses, Mutt will activate the query menu. At the query menu, you can select one or more addresses to be added to the prompt. 7. Mailbox Formats Mutt supports reading and writing of four different local mailbox formats: mbox, MMDF, MH and Maildir. The mailbox type is auto detected, so there is no need to use a flag for different mailbox types. When creating new mailboxes, Mutt uses the default specified with the $$mmbbooxx__ttyyppee variable. A short description of the formats follows. _m_b_o_x. This is a widely used mailbox format for UNIX. All messages are stored in a single file. Each message has a line of the form: From me@cs.hmc.edu Fri, 11 Apr 1997 11:44:56 PST to denote the start of a new message (this is often referred to as the "From_" line). The mbox format requires mailbox locking, is prone to mailbox corruption with concurrently writing clients or misinterpreted From_ lines. Depending on the environment, new mail detection can be unreliable. Mbox folders are fast to open and easy to archive. _M_M_D_F. This is a variant of the _m_b_o_x format. Each message is surrounded by lines containing "^A^A^A^A" (four times control-A's). The same problems as for mbox apply (also with finding the right message separator as four control-A's may appear in message bodies). _M_H. A radical departure from _m_b_o_x and _M_M_D_F, a mailbox consists of a directory and each message is stored in a separate file. The filename indicates the message number (however, this is may not correspond to the message number Mutt displays). Deleted messages are renamed with a comma (",") prepended to the filename. Mutt detects this type of mailbox by looking for either .mh_sequences or .xmhcache files (needed to distinguish normal directories from MH mailboxes). MH is more robust with concurrent clients writing the mailbox, but still may suffer from lost flags; message corruption is less likely to occur than with mbox/mmdf. It's usually slower to open compared to mbox/mmdf since many small files have to be read (Mutt provides SSeeccttiioonn  77..11,,  ""HHeeaaddeerr CCaacchhiinngg"" to greatly speed this process up). Depending on the environment, MH is not very disk-space efficient. _M_a_i_l_d_i_r. The newest of the mailbox formats, used by the Qmail MTA (a replacement for sendmail). Similar to _M_H, except that it adds three subdirectories of the mailbox: _t_m_p, _n_e_w and _c_u_r. Filenames for the messages are chosen in such a way they are unique, even when two programs are writing the mailbox over NFS, which means that no file locking is needed and corruption is very unlikely. Maildir maybe slower to open without caching in Mutt, it too is not very disk-space efficient depending on the environment. Since no additional files are used for metadata (which is embedded in the message filenames) and Maildir is locking-free, it's easy to sync across different machines using file-level synchronization tools. 8. Mailbox Shortcuts There are a number of built in shortcuts which refer to specific mailboxes. These shortcuts can be used anywhere you are prompted for a file or mailbox path or in path-related configuration variables. Note that these only work at the beginning of a string. _T_a_b_l_e_ _4_._7_._ _M_a_i_l_b_o_x_ _s_h_o_r_t_c_u_t_s Shortcut Refers to... ! your $$ssppoooollffiillee (incoming) mailbox > your $$mmbbooxx file < your $$rreeccoorrdd file ^ the current mailbox - or !! the file you've last visited ~ your home directory = or + your $$ffoollddeerr directory _@_a_l_i_a_s to the ddeeffaauulltt  ssaavvee  ffoollddeerr as determined by the address of the alias For example, to store a copy of outgoing messages in the folder they were composed in, a ffoollddeerr--hhooookk can be used to set $$rreeccoorrdd: folder-hook . 'set record=^' 9. Handling Mailing Lists Mutt has a few configuration options that make dealing with large amounts of mail easier. The first thing you must do is to let Mutt know what addresses you consider to be mailing lists (technically this does not have to be a mailing list, but that is what it is most often used for), and what lists you are subscribed to. This is accomplished through the use of the lliissttss  aanndd  ssuubbssccrriibbee commands in your .muttrc. Now that Mutt knows what your mailing lists are, it can do several things, the first of which is the ability to show the name of a list through which you received a message (i.e., of a subscribed list) in the _i_n_d_e_x menu display. This is useful to distinguish between personal and list mail in the same mailbox. In the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt variable, the expando "%L" will print the string "To <list>" when "list" appears in the "To" field, and "Cc <list>" when it appears in the "Cc" field (otherwise it prints the name of the author). Often times the "To" and "Cc" fields in mailing list messages tend to get quite large. Most people do not bother to remove the author of the message they reply to from the list, resulting in two or more copies being sent to that person. The <list-reply> function, which by default is bound to "L" in the _i_n_d_e_x menu and _p_a_g_e_r, helps reduce the clutter by only replying to the known mailing list addresses instead of all recipients (except as specified by Mail-Followup-To, see below). Mutt also supports the Mail-Followup-To header. When you send a message to a list of recipients which includes one or several subscribed mailing lists, and if the $$ffoolllloowwuupp__ttoo option is set, Mutt will generate a Mail-Followup-To header which contains all the recipients to whom you send this message, but not your address. This indicates that group-replies or list-replies (also known as "followups") to this message should only be sent to the original recipients of the message, and not separately to you - you'll receive your copy through one of the mailing lists you are subscribed to. Conversely, when group-replying or list-replying to a message which has a Mail-Followup-To header, Mutt will respect this header if the $$hhoonnoorr__ffoolllloowwuupp__ttoo configuration variable is set. Using lliisstt--rreeppllyy will in this case also make sure that the reply goes to the mailing list, even if it's not specified in the list of recipients in the Mail-Followup-To. Note When header editing is enabled, you can create a Mail-Followup-To header manually. Mutt will only auto-generate this header if it doesn't exist when you send the message. The other method some mailing list admins use is to generate a "Reply-To" field which points back to the mailing list address rather than the author of the message. This can create problems when trying to reply directly to the author in private, since most mail clients will automatically reply to the address given in the "Reply-To" field. Mutt uses the $$rreeppllyy__ttoo variable to help decide which address to use. If set to _a_s_k_-_y_e_s or _a_s_k_-_n_o, you will be prompted as to whether or not you would like to use the address given in the "Reply-To" field, or reply directly to the address given in the "From" field. When set to _y_e_s, the "Reply-To" field will be used when present. The "X-Label:" header field can be used to further identify mailing lists or list subject matter (or just to annotate messages individually). The $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt variable's "%y" and "%Y" expandos can be used to expand "X-Label:" fields in the index, and Mutt's pattern-matcher can match regular expressions to "X-Label:" fields with the "~y" selector. "X-Label:" is not a standard message header field, but it can easily be inserted by procmail and other mail filtering agents. Lastly, Mutt has the ability to ssoorrtt the mailbox into tthhrreeaaddss. A thread is a group of messages which all relate to the same subject. This is usually organized into a tree-like structure where a message and all of its replies are represented graphically. If you've ever used a threaded news client, this is the same concept. It makes dealing with large volume mailing lists easier because you can easily delete uninteresting threads and quickly find topics of value. 10. New Mail Detection Mutt supports setups with multiple folders, allowing all of them to be monitored for new mail (see SSeeccttiioonn  1144,,  ""MMoonniittoorriinngg  IInnccoommiinngg  MMaaiill"" for details). 10.1. How New Mail Detection Works For Mbox and Mmdf folders, new mail is detected by comparing access and/or modification times of files: Mutt assumes a folder has new mail if it wasn't accessed after it was last modified. Utilities like biff or frm or any other program which accesses the mailbox might cause Mutt to never detect new mail for that mailbox if they do not properly reset the access time. Other possible causes of Mutt not detecting new mail in these folders are backup tools (updating access times) or filesystems mounted without access time update support (for Linux systems, see the relatime option). Note Contrary to older Mutt releases, it now maintains the new mail status of a folder by properly resetting the access time if the folder contains at least one message which is neither read, nor deleted, nor marked as old. In cases where new mail detection for Mbox or Mmdf folders appears to be unreliable, the $$cchheecckk__mmbbooxx__ssiizzee option can be used to make Mutt track and consult file sizes for new mail detection instead which won't work for size-neutral changes. New mail for Maildir is assumed if there is one message in the new/ subdirectory which is not marked deleted (see $$mmaaiillddiirr__ttrraasshh). For MH folders, a mailbox is considered having new mail if there's at least one message in the "unseen" sequence as specified by $$mmhh__sseeqq__uunnsseeeenn. Mutt does not poll POP3 folders for new mail, it only periodically checks the currently opened folder (if it's a POP3 folder). For IMAP, by default Mutt uses recent message counts provided by the server to detect new mail. If the $$iimmaapp__iiddllee option is set, it'll use the IMAP IDLE extension if advertised by the server. 10.2. Polling For New Mail When in the index menu and being idle (also see $$ttiimmeeoouutt), Mutt periodically checks for new mail in all folders which have been configured via the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x_e_s command. The interval depends on the folder type: for local/IMAP folders it consults $$mmaaiill__cchheecckk and $$ppoopp__cchheecckkiinntteerrvvaall for POP folders. Outside the index menu the directory browser supports checking for new mail using the <check-new> function which is unbound by default. Pressing TAB will bring up a menu showing the files specified by the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x_e_s command, and indicate which contain new messages. Mutt will automatically enter this mode when invoked from the command line with the -y option. For the pager, index and directory browser menus, Mutt contains the <buffy-list> function (bound to "." by default) which will print a list of folders with new mail in the command line at the bottom of the screen. For the index, by default Mutt displays the number of mailboxes with new mail in the status bar, please refer to the $$ssttaattuuss__ffoorrmmaatt variable for details. When changing folders, Mutt fills the prompt with the first folder from the mailboxes list containing new mail (if any), pressing <Space> will cycle through folders with new mail. The (by default unbound) function <next-unread-mailbox> in the index can be used to immediately open the next folder with unread mail (if any). 11. Editing Threads Mutt has the ability to dynamically restructure threads that are broken either by misconfigured software or bad behavior from some correspondents. This allows to clean your mailboxes from these annoyances which make it hard to follow a discussion. 11.1. Linking Threads Some mailers tend to "forget" to correctly set the "In-Reply-To:" and "References:" headers when replying to a message. This results in broken discussions because Mutt has not enough information to guess the correct threading. You can fix this by tagging the reply, then moving to the parent message and using the <link-threads> function (bound to & by default). The reply will then be connected to this parent message. You can also connect multiple children at once, tagging them and using the <tag-prefix> command (";") or the $$aauuttoo__ttaagg option. 11.2. Breaking Threads On mailing lists, some people are in the bad habit of starting a new discussion by hitting "reply" to any message from the list and changing the subject to a totally unrelated one. You can fix such threads by using the <break-thread> function (bound by default to #), which will turn the subthread starting from the current message into a whole different thread. 12. Delivery Status Notification (DSN) Support RFC1894 defines a set of MIME content types for relaying information about the status of electronic mail messages. These can be thought of as "return receipts." To support DSN, there are two variables. $$ddssnn__nnoottiiffyy is used to request receipts for different results (such as failed message, message delivered, etc.). $$ddssnn__rreettuurrnn requests how much of your message should be returned with the receipt (headers or full message). When using $$sseennddmmaaiill for mail delivery, you need to use either Berkeley sendmail 8.8.x (or greater) a MTA supporting DSN command line options compatible to Sendmail: The -N and -R options can be used by the mail client to make requests as to what type of status messages should be returned. Please consider your MTA documentation whether DSN is supported. For SMTP delivery using $$ssmmttpp__uurrll, it depends on the capabilities announced by the server whether Mutt will attempt to request DSN or not. 13. Start a WWW Browser on URLs If a message contains URLs, it is efficient to get a menu with all the URLs and start a WWW browser on one of them. This functionality is provided by the external urlview program which can be retrieved at ffttpp::////ffttpp..mmuutttt..oorrgg//mmuutttt//ccoonnttrriibb// and the configuration commands: macro index \cb |urlview\n macro pager \cb |urlview\n 14. Miscellany This section documents various features that fit nowhere else. Address normalization Mutt normalizes all e-mail addresses to the simplest form possible. If an address contains a realname, the form _J_o_e_ _U_s_e_r _<_j_o_e_@_e_x_a_m_p_l_e_._c_o_m_> is used and the pure e-mail address without angle brackets otherwise, i.e. just _j_o_e_@_e_x_a_m_p_l_e_._c_o_m. This normalization affects all headers Mutt generates including aliases. Initial folder selection The folder Mutt opens at startup is determined as follows: the folder specified in the $MAIL environment variable if present. Otherwise, the value of $MAILDIR is taken into account. If that isn't present either, Mutt takes the user's mailbox in the mailspool as determined at compile-time (which may also reside in the home directory). The $$ssppoooollffiillee setting overrides this selection. Highest priority has the mailbox given with the -f command line option. Chapter 5. Mutt's MIME Support _T_a_b_l_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_n_t_e_n_t_s 11..  UUssiinngg  MMIIMMEE  iinn  MMuutttt 11..11..  MMIIMMEE  OOvveerrvviieeww 11..22..  VViieewwiinngg  MMIIMMEE  MMeessssaaggeess  iinn  tthhee  PPaaggeerr 11..33..  TThhee  AAttttaacchhmmeenntt  MMeennuu 11..44..  TThhee  CCoommppoossee  MMeennuu 22..  MMIIMMEE  TTyyppee  CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  wwiitthh  mmiimmee..ttyyppeess 33..  MMIIMMEE  VViieewweerr  CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  wwiitthh  MMaaiillccaapp 33..11..  TThhee  BBaassiiccss  ooff  tthhee  MMaaiillccaapp  FFiillee 33..22..  SSeeccuurree  UUssee  ooff  MMaaiillccaapp 33..33..  AAddvvaanncceedd  MMaaiillccaapp  UUssaaggee 33..44..  EExxaammppllee  MMaaiillccaapp  FFiilleess 44..  MMIIMMEE  AAuuttoovviieeww 55..  MMIIMMEE  MMuullttiippaarrtt//AAlltteerrnnaattiivvee 66..  AAttttaacchhmmeenntt  SSeeaarrcchhiinngg  aanndd  CCoouunnttiinngg 77..  MMIIMMEE  LLooookkuupp Quite a bit of effort has been made to make Mutt the premier text-mode MIME MUA. Every effort has been made to provide the functionality that the discerning MIME user requires, and the conformance to the standards wherever possible. When configuring Mutt for MIME, there are two extra types of configuration files which Mutt uses. One is the mime.types file, which contains the mapping of file extensions to IANA MIME types. The other is the mailcap file, which specifies the external commands to use for handling specific MIME types. 1. Using MIME in Mutt 1.1. MIME Overview MIME is short for "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension" and describes mechanisms to internationalize and structure mail messages. Before the introduction of MIME, messages had a single text part and were limited to us-ascii header and content. With MIME, messages can have attachments (and even attachments which itself have attachments and thus form a tree structure), nearly arbitrary characters can be used for sender names, recipients and subjects. Besides the handling of non-ascii characters in message headers, to Mutt the most important aspect of MIME are so-called MIME types. These are constructed using a _m_a_j_o_r and _m_i_n_o_r type separated by a forward slash. These specify details about the content that follows. Based upon these, Mutt decides how to handle this part. The most popular major type is "text" with minor types for plain text, HTML and various other formats. Major types also exist for images, audio, video and of course general application data (e.g. to separate cryptographically signed data with a signature, send office documents, and in general arbitrary binary data). There's also the multipart major type which represents the root of a subtree of MIME parts. A list of supported MIME types can be found in TTaabbllee  55..11,,  ""SSuuppppoorrtteedd  MMIIMMEE  ttyyppeess"". MIME also defines a set of encoding schemes for transporting MIME content over the network: 7bit, 8bit, quoted-printable, base64 and binary. There're some rules when to choose what for encoding headers and/or body (if needed), and Mutt will in general make a good choice. Mutt does most of MIME encoding/decoding behind the scenes to form messages conforming to MIME on the sending side. On reception, it can be flexibly configured as to how what MIME structure is displayed (and if it's displayed): these decisions are based on the content's MIME type. There are three areas/menus in dealing with MIME: the pager (while viewing a message), the attachment menu and the compose menu. 1.2. Viewing MIME Messages in the Pager When you select a message from the index and view it in the pager, Mutt decodes as much of a message as possible to a text representation. Mutt internally supports a number of MIME types, including the text major type (with all minor types), the message/rfc822 (mail messages) type and some multipart types. In addition, it recognizes a variety of PGP MIME types, including PGP/MIME and application/pgp. Mutt will denote attachments with a couple lines describing them. These lines are of the form: [-- Attachment #1: Description --] [-- Type: text/plain, Encoding: 7bit, Size: 10000 --] Where the _D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n is the description or filename given for the attachment, and the _E_n_c_o_d_i_n_g is one of the already mentioned content encodings. If Mutt cannot deal with a MIME type, it will display a message like: [-- image/gif is unsupported (use 'v' to view this part) --] 1.3. The Attachment Menu The default binding for <view-attachments> is "v", which displays the attachment menu for a message. The attachment menu displays a list of the attachments in a message. From the attachment menu, you can save, print, pipe, delete, and view attachments. You can apply these operations to a group of attachments at once, by tagging the attachments and by using the <tag-prefix> operator. You can also reply to the current message from this menu, and only the current attachment (or the attachments tagged) will be quoted in your reply. You can view attachments as text, or view them using the mailcap viewer definition (the mailcap mechanism is explained later in detail). Finally, you can apply the usual message-related functions (like <<rreesseenndd--mmeessssaaggee>>, and the <reply> and <forward> functions) to attachments of type message/rfc822. See table TTaabbllee  99..77,,  ""DDeeffaauulltt  AAttttaacchhmmeenntt  MMeennuu  BBiinnddiinnggss"" for all available functions. 1.4. The Compose Menu The compose menu is the menu you see before you send a message. It allows you to edit the recipient list, the subject, and other aspects of your message. It also contains a list of the attachments of your message, including the main body. From this menu, you can print, copy, filter, pipe, edit, compose, review, and rename an attachment or a list of tagged attachments. You can also modifying the attachment information, notably the type, encoding and description. Attachments appear as follows by default: - 1 [text/plain, 7bit, 1K] /tmp/mutt-euler-8082-0 <no description> 2 [applica/x-gunzip, base64, 422K] ~/src/mutt-0.85.tar.gz <no description> The "-" denotes that Mutt will delete the file after sending (or postponing, or canceling) the message. It can be toggled with the <toggle-unlink> command (default: u). The next field is the MIME content-type, and can be changed with the <edit-type> command (default: ^T). The next field is the encoding for the attachment, which allows a binary message to be encoded for transmission on 7bit links. It can be changed with the <edit-encoding> command (default: ^E). The next field is the size of the attachment, rounded to kilobytes or megabytes. The next field is the filename, which can be changed with the <rename-file> command (default: R). The final field is the description of the attachment, and can be changed with the <edit-description> command (default: d). See $$aattttaacchh__ffoorrmmaatt for a full list of available expandos to format this display to your needs. 2. MIME Type Configuration with mime.types To get most out of MIME, it's important that a MIME part's content type matches the content as closely as possible so that the recipient's client can automatically select the right viewer for the content. However, there's no reliable for Mutt to know how to detect every possible file type. Instead, it uses a simple plain text mapping file that specifies what file extension corresponds to what MIME type. This file is called mime.types. When you add an attachment to your mail message, Mutt searches your personal mime.types file at $HOME/.mime.types, and then the system mime.types file at /usr/local/share/mutt/mime.types or /etc/mime.types Each line starts with the full MIME type, followed by a space and space-separated list of file extensions. For example you could use: _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _5_._1_._ _m_i_m_e_._t_y_p_e_s application/postscript ps eps application/pgp pgp audio/x-aiff aif aifc aiff A sample mime.types file comes with the Mutt distribution, and should contain most of the MIME types you are likely to use. If Mutt can not determine the MIME type by the extension of the file you attach, it will look at the file. If the file is free of binary information, Mutt will assume that the file is plain text, and mark it as text/plain. If the file contains binary information, then Mutt will mark it as application/octet-stream. You can change the MIME type that Mutt assigns to an attachment by using the <edit-type> command from the compose menu (default: ^T), see TTaabbllee  55..11,,  ""SSuuppppoorrtteedd  MMIIMMEE  ttyyppeess"" for supported major types. Mutt recognizes all of these if the appropriate entry is found in the mime.types file. Non-recognized mime types should only be used if the recipient of the message is likely to be expecting such attachments. _T_a_b_l_e_ _5_._1_._ _S_u_p_p_o_r_t_e_d_ _M_I_M_E_ _t_y_p_e_s MIME major type Standard Description application yes General application data audio yes Audio data image yes Image data message yes Mail messages, message status information model yes VRML and other modeling data multipart yes Container for other MIME parts text yes Text data video yes Video data chemical no Mostly molecular data MIME types are not arbitrary, they need to be assigned by IIAANNAA. 3. MIME Viewer Configuration with Mailcap Mutt supports RFC 1524 MIME Configuration, in particular the Unix specific format specified in Appendix A of RFC 1524. This file format is commonly referred to as the "mailcap" format. Many MIME compliant programs utilize the mailcap format, allowing you to specify handling for all MIME types in one place for all programs. Programs known to use this format include Firefox, lynx and metamail. In order to handle various MIME types that Mutt doesn't have built-in support for, it parses a series of external configuration files to find an external handler. The default search string for these files is a colon delimited list containing the following files: 1. $HOME/.mailcap 2. $PKGDATADIR/mailcap 3. $SYSCONFDIR/mailcap 4. /etc/mailcap 5. /usr/etc/mailcap 6. /usr/local/etc/mailcap where $HOME is your home directory. The $PKGDATADIR and the $SYSCONFDIR directories depend on where Mutt is installed: the former is the default for shared data, the latter for system configuration files. The default search path can be obtained by running the following command: mutt -nF /dev/null -Q mailcap_path In particular, the metamail distribution will install a mailcap file, usually as /usr/local/etc/mailcap, which contains some baseline entries. 3.1. The Basics of the Mailcap File A mailcap file consists of a series of lines which are comments, blank, or definitions. A comment line consists of a # character followed by anything you want. A blank line is blank. A definition line consists of a content type, a view command, and any number of optional fields. Each field of a definition line is divided by a semicolon ";" character. The content type is specified in the MIME standard "type/subtype" notation. For example, text/plain, text/html, image/gif, etc. In addition, the mailcap format includes two formats for wildcards, one using the special "*" subtype, the other is the implicit wild, where you only include the major type. For example, image/*, or video will match all image types and video types, respectively. The view command is a Unix command for viewing the type specified. There are two different types of commands supported. The default is to send the body of the MIME message to the command on stdin. You can change this behavior by using %s as a parameter to your view command. This will cause Mutt to save the body of the MIME message to a temporary file, and then call the view command with the %s replaced by the name of the temporary file. In both cases, Mutt will turn over the terminal to the view program until the program quits, at which time Mutt will remove the temporary file if it exists. This means that mailcap does _n_o_t work out of the box with programs which detach themselves from the terminal right after starting, like open on Mac OS X. In order to nevertheless use these programs with mailcap, you probably need custom shell scripts. So, in the simplest form, you can send a text/plain message to the external pager more on standard input: text/plain; more Or, you could send the message as a file: text/plain; more %s Perhaps you would like to use lynx to interactively view a text/html message: text/html; lynx %s In this case, lynx does not support viewing a file from standard input, so you must use the %s syntax. Note _S_o_m_e_ _o_l_d_e_r_ _v_e_r_s_i_o_n_s_ _o_f_ _l_y_n_x_ _c_o_n_t_a_i_n_ _a_ _b_u_g_ _w_h_e_r_e_ _t_h_e_y_ _w_i_l_l_ _c_h_e_c_k_ _t_h_e _m_a_i_l_c_a_p_ _f_i_l_e_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _v_i_e_w_e_r_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_x_t_/_h_t_m_l_._ _T_h_e_y_ _w_i_l_l_ _f_i_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _l_i_n_e_ _w_h_i_c_h _c_a_l_l_s_ _l_y_n_x_,_ _a_n_d_ _r_u_n_ _i_t_._ _T_h_i_s_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _l_y_n_x_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_i_n_u_o_u_s_l_y_ _s_p_a_w_n_ _i_t_s_e_l_f _t_o_ _v_i_e_w_ _t_h_e_ _o_b_j_e_c_t_. On the other hand, maybe you don't want to use lynx interactively, you just want to have it convert the text/html to text/plain, then you can use: text/html; lynx -dump %s | more Perhaps you wish to use lynx to view text/html files, and a pager on all other text formats, then you would use the following: text/html; lynx %s text/*; more 3.2. Secure Use of Mailcap The interpretation of shell meta-characters embedded in MIME parameters can lead to security problems in general. Mutt tries to quote parameters in expansion of %s syntaxes properly, and avoids risky characters by substituting them, see the $$mmaaiillccaapp__ssaanniittiizzee variable. Although Mutt's procedures to invoke programs with mailcap seem to be safe, there are other applications parsing mailcap, maybe taking less care of it. Therefore you should pay attention to the following rules: _K_e_e_p_ _t_h_e_ _%_-_e_x_p_a_n_d_o_s_ _a_w_a_y_ _f_r_o_m_ _s_h_e_l_l_ _q_u_o_t_i_n_g_. Don't quote them with single or double quotes. Mutt does this for you, the right way, as should any other program which interprets mailcap. Don't put them into backtick expansions. Be highly careful with evil statements, and avoid them if possible at all. Trying to fix broken behavior with quotes introduces new leaks -- there is no alternative to correct quoting in the first place. If you have to use the %-expandos' values in context where you need quoting or backtick expansions, put that value into a shell variable and reference the shell variable where necessary, as in the following example (using $charset inside the backtick expansion is safe, since it is not itself subject to any further expansion): text/test-mailcap-bug; cat %s; copiousoutput; test=charset=%{charset} \ && test "`echo $charset | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`" != iso-8859-1 3.3. Advanced Mailcap Usage 3.3.1. Optional Fields In addition to the required content-type and view command fields, you can add semi-colon ";" separated fields to set flags and other options. Mutt recognizes the following optional fields: copiousoutput This flag tells Mutt that the command passes possibly large amounts of text on standard output. This causes Mutt to invoke a pager (either the internal pager or the external pager defined by the pager variable) on the output of the view command. Without this flag, Mutt assumes that the command is interactive. One could use this to replace the pipe to more in the lynx -dump example in the Basic section: text/html; lynx -dump %s ; copiousoutput This will cause lynx to format the text/html output as text/plain and Mutt will use your standard pager to display the results. Note that when using the built-in pager, _o_n_l_y entries with this flag will be considered a handler for a MIME type -- all other entries will be ignored. needsterminal Mutt uses this flag when viewing attachments with aauuttoo__vviieeww, in order to decide whether it should honor the setting of the $$wwaaiitt__kkeeyy variable or not. When an attachment is viewed using an interactive program, and the corresponding mailcap entry has a _n_e_e_d_s_t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l flag, Mutt will use $$wwaaiitt__kkeeyy and the exit status of the program to decide if it will ask you to press a key after the external program has exited. In all other situations it will not prompt you for a key. compose=<command> This flag specifies the command to use to create a new attachment of a specific MIME type. Mutt supports this from the compose menu. composetyped=<command> This flag specifies the command to use to create a new attachment of a specific MIME type. This command differs from the compose command in that Mutt will expect standard MIME headers on the data. This can be used to specify parameters, filename, description, etc. for a new attachment. Mutt supports this from the compose menu. print=<command> This flag specifies the command to use to print a specific MIME type. Mutt supports this from the attachment and compose menus. edit=<command> This flag specifies the command to use to edit a specific MIME type. Mutt supports this from the compose menu, and also uses it to compose new attachments. Mutt will default to the defined $$eeddiittoorr for text attachments. nametemplate=<template> This field specifies the format for the file denoted by %s in the command fields. Certain programs will require a certain file extension, for instance, to correctly view a file. For instance, lynx will only interpret a file as text/html if the file ends in .html. So, you would specify lynx as a text/html viewer with a line in the mailcap file like: text/html; lynx %s; nametemplate=%s.html test=<command> This field specifies a command to run to test whether this mailcap entry should be used. The command is defined with the command expansion rules defined in the next section. If the command returns 0, then the test passed, and Mutt uses this entry. If the command returns non-zero, then the test failed, and Mutt continues searching for the right entry. Note that the content-type must match before Mutt performs the test. For example: text/html; firefox -remote 'openURL(%s)' ; test=RunningX text/html; lynx %s In this example, Mutt will run the program RunningX which will return 0 if the X Window manager is running, and non-zero if it isn't. If RunningX returns 0, then Mutt will run firefox to display the text/html object. If RunningX doesn't return 0, then Mutt will go on to the next entry and use lynx to display the text/html object. 3.3.2. Search Order When searching for an entry in the mailcap file, Mutt will search for the most useful entry for its purpose. For instance, if you are attempting to print an image/gif, and you have the following entries in your mailcap file, Mutt will search for an entry with the print command: image/*; xv %s image/gif; ; print= anytopnm %s | pnmtops | lpr; \ nametemplate=%s.gif Mutt will skip the image/* entry and use the image/gif entry with the print command. In addition, you can use this with aauuttoo__vviieeww to denote two commands for viewing an attachment, one to be viewed automatically, the other to be viewed interactively from the attachment menu using the <view-mailcap> function (bound to "m" by default). In addition, you can then use the test feature to determine which viewer to use interactively depending on your environment. text/html; firefox -remote 'openURL(%s)' ; test=RunningX text/html; lynx %s; nametemplate=%s.html text/html; lynx -dump %s; nametemplate=%s.html; copiousoutput For aauuttoo__vviieeww, Mutt will choose the third entry because of the copiousoutput tag. For interactive viewing, Mutt will run the program RunningX to determine if it should use the first entry. If the program returns non-zero, Mutt will use the second entry for interactive viewing. The last entry is for inline display in the pager and the <view-attach> function in the attachment menu. Entries with the copiousoutput tag should always be specified as the last one per type. For non-interactive use, the last entry will then actually be the first matching one with the tag set. For non-interactive use, only copiousoutput-tagged entries are considered. For interactive use, Mutt ignores this tag and treats all entries equally. Therefore, if not specified last, all following entries without this tag would never be considered for <view-attach> because the copiousoutput before them matched already. 3.3.3. Command Expansion The various commands defined in the mailcap files are passed to the /bin/sh shell using the system(3) function. Before the command is passed to /bin/sh -c, it is parsed to expand various special parameters with information from Mutt. The keywords Mutt expands are: %s As seen in the basic mailcap section, this variable is expanded to a filename specified by the calling program. This file contains the body of the message to view/print/edit or where the composing program should place the results of composition. In addition, the use of this keyword causes Mutt to not pass the body of the message to the view/print/edit program on stdin. %t Mutt will expand %t to the text representation of the content type of the message in the same form as the first parameter of the mailcap definition line, i.e. text/html or image/gif. %{<parameter>} Mutt will expand this to the value of the specified parameter from the Content-Type: line of the mail message. For instance, if your mail message contains: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 then Mutt will expand %{charset} to "iso-8859-1". The default metamail mailcap file uses this feature to test the charset to spawn an xterm using the right charset to view the message. \% This will be replaced by a literal %. Mutt does not currently support the %F and %n keywords specified in RFC 1524. The main purpose of these parameters is for multipart messages, which is handled internally by Mutt. 3.4. Example Mailcap Files This mailcap file is fairly simple and standard: # I'm always running X :) video/*; xanim %s > /dev/null image/*; xv %s > /dev/null # I'm always running firefox (if my computer had more memory, maybe) text/html; firefox -remote 'openURL(%s)' This mailcap file shows quite a number of examples: # Use xanim to view all videos Xanim produces a header on startup, # send that to /dev/null so I don't see it video/*; xanim %s > /dev/null # Send html to a running firefox by remote text/html; firefox -remote 'openURL(%s)'; test=RunningFirefox # If I'm not running firefox but I am running X, start firefox on the # object text/html; firefox %s; test=RunningX # Else use lynx to view it as text text/html; lynx %s # This version would convert the text/html to text/plain text/html; lynx -dump %s; copiousoutput # I use enscript to print text in two columns to a page text/*; more %s; print=enscript -2Gr %s # Firefox adds a flag to tell itself to view jpegs internally image/jpeg;xv %s; x-mozilla-flags=internal # Use xv to view images if I'm running X # In addition, this uses the \ to extend the line and set my editor # for images image/*;xv %s; test=RunningX; \ edit=xpaint %s # Convert images to text using the netpbm tools image/*; (anytopnm %s | pnmscale -xysize 80 46 | ppmtopgm | pgmtopbm | pbmtoascii -1x2 ) 2>&1 ; copiousoutput # Send excel spreadsheets to my NT box application/ms-excel; open.pl %s 4. MIME Autoview Usage: auto_view _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e [ _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e ...] unauto_view { _* | _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e ... } In addition to explicitly telling Mutt to view an attachment with the MIME viewer defined in the mailcap file from the attachments menu, Mutt has support for automatically viewing MIME attachments while in the pager. For this to work, you must define a viewer in the mailcap file which uses the copiousoutput option to denote that it is non-interactive. Usually, you also use the entry to convert the attachment to a text representation which you can view in the pager. You then use the _a_u_t_o___v_i_e_w configuration command to list the content-types that you wish to view automatically. For instance, if you set it to: auto_view text/html application/x-gunzip \ application/postscript image/gif application/x-tar-gz ...Mutt would try to find corresponding entries for rendering attachments of these types as text. A corresponding mailcap could look like: text/html; lynx -dump %s; copiousoutput; nametemplate=%s.html image/*; anytopnm %s | pnmscale -xsize 80 -ysize 50 | ppmtopgm | \ pgmtopbm | pbmtoascii ; copiousoutput application/x-gunzip; gzcat; copiousoutput application/x-tar-gz; gunzip -c %s | tar -tf - ; copiousoutput application/postscript; ps2ascii %s; copiousoutput _u_n_a_u_t_o___v_i_e_w can be used to remove previous entries from the _a_u_t_o___v_i_e_w list. This can be used with mmeessssaaggee--hhooookk to autoview messages based on size, etc. "_u_n_a_u_t_o___v_i_e_w *" will remove all previous entries. 5. MIME Multipart/Alternative The multipart/alternative container type only has child MIME parts which represent the same content in an alternative way. This is often used to send HTML messages which contain an alternative plain text representation. Mutt has some heuristics for determining which attachment of a multipart/alternative type to display: 1. First, Mutt will check the _a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_v_e___o_r_d_e_r list to determine if one of the available types is preferred. It consists of a number of MIME types in order, including support for implicit and explicit wildcards. For example: alternative_order text/enriched text/plain text \ application/postscript image/* 2. Next, Mutt will check if any of the types have a defined aauuttoo__vviieeww, and use that. 3. Failing that, Mutt will look for any text type. 4. As a last attempt, Mutt will look for any type it knows how to handle. To remove a MIME type from the _a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_v_e___o_r_d_e_r list, use the _u_n_a_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_v_e___o_r_d_e_r command. 6. Attachment Searching and Counting If you ever lose track of attachments in your mailboxes, Mutt's attachment-counting and -searching support might be for you. You can make your message index display the number of qualifying attachments in each message, or search for messages by attachment count. You also can configure what kinds of attachments qualify for this feature with the _a_t_t_a_c_h_m_e_n_t_s and _u_n_a_t_t_a_c_h_m_e_n_t_s commands. In order to provide this information, Mutt needs to fully MIME-parse all messages affected first. This can slow down operation especially for remote mail folders such as IMAP because all messages have to be downloaded first regardless whether the user really wants to view them or not though using SSeeccttiioonn  77..22,,  ""BBooddyy  CCaacchhiinngg"" usually means to download the message just once. The syntax is: attachments _{_ _+_ _|_ _-_ _}_d_i_s_p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n _m_i_m_e_-_t_y_p_e unattachments _{_ _+_ _|_ _-_ _}_d_i_s_p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n _m_i_m_e_-_t_y_p_e attachments _? _d_i_s_p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n is the attachment's Content-Disposition type -- either inline or attachment. You can abbreviate this to I or A. Disposition is prefixed by either a "+" symbol or a "-" symbol. If it's a "+", you're saying that you want to allow this disposition and MIME type to qualify. If it's a "-", you're saying that this disposition and MIME type is an exception to previous "+" rules. There are examples below of how this is useful. _m_i_m_e_-_t_y_p_e is the MIME type of the attachment you want the command to affect. A MIME type is always of the format major/minor, where major describes the broad category of document you're looking at, and minor describes the specific type within that category. The major part of mime-type must be literal text (or the special token "*"), but the minor part may be a regular expression. (Therefore, "*/.*" matches any MIME type.) The MIME types you give to the _a_t_t_a_c_h_m_e_n_t_s directive are a kind of pattern. When you use the _a_t_t_a_c_h_m_e_n_t_s directive, the patterns you specify are added to a list. When you use _u_n_a_t_t_a_c_h_m_e_n_t_s, the pattern is removed from the list. The patterns are not expanded and matched to specific MIME types at this time -- they're just text in a list. They're only matched when actually evaluating a message. Some examples might help to illustrate. The examples that are not commented out define the default configuration of the lists. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _5_._2_._ _A_t_t_a_c_h_m_e_n_t_ _c_o_u_n_t_i_n_g # Removing a pattern from a list removes that pattern literally. It # does not remove any type matching the pattern. # # attachments +A */.* # attachments +A image/jpeg # unattachments +A */.* # # This leaves "attached" image/jpeg files on the allowed attachments # list. It does not remove all items, as you might expect, because the # second */.* is not a matching expression at this time. # # Remember: "unattachments" only undoes what "attachments" has done! # It does not trigger any matching on actual messages. # Qualify any MIME part with an "attachment" disposition, EXCEPT for # text/x-vcard and application/pgp parts. (PGP parts are already known # to mutt, and can be searched for with ~g, ~G, and ~k.) # # I've added x-pkcs7 to this, since it functions (for S/MIME) # analogously to PGP signature attachments. S/MIME isn't supported # in a stock mutt build, but we can still treat it specially here. # attachments +A */.* attachments -A text/x-vcard application/pgp.* attachments -A application/x-pkcs7-.* # Discount all MIME parts with an "inline" disposition, unless they're # text/plain. (Why inline a text/plain part unless it's external to the # message flow?) attachments +I text/plain # These two lines make Mutt qualify MIME containers. (So, for example, # a message/rfc822 forward will count as an attachment.) The first # line is unnecessary if you already have "attach-allow */.*", of # course. These are off by default! The MIME elements contained # within a message/* or multipart/* are still examined, even if the # containers themselves don't qualify. #attachments +A message/.* multipart/.* #attachments +I message/.* multipart/.* ## You probably don't really care to know about deleted attachments. attachments -A message/external-body attachments -I message/external-body Entering the command "_a_t_t_a_c_h_m_e_n_t_s ?" as a command will list your current settings in Muttrc format, so that it can be pasted elsewhere. 7. MIME Lookup Usage: mime-lookup _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e [ _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e ...] unmime-lookup { _* | _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e ... } Mutt's _m_i_m_e___l_o_o_k_u_p list specifies a list of MIME types that should _n_o_t be treated according to their mailcap entry. This option is designed to deal with binary types such as application/octet-stream. When an attachment's MIME type is listed in _m_i_m_e___l_o_o_k_u_p, then the extension of the filename will be compared to the list of extensions in the mime.types file. The MIME type associated with this extension will then be used to process the attachment according to the rules in the mailcap file and according to any other configuration options (such as _a_u_t_o___v_i_e_w) specified. Common usage would be: mime_lookup application/octet-stream application/X-Lotus-Manuscript In addition, the unmime_lookup command may be used to disable this feature for any particular MIME type if it had been set, for example, in a global .muttrc. Chapter 6. Optional Features _T_a_b_l_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_n_t_e_n_t_s 11..  GGeenneerraall  NNootteess 11..11..  EEnnaabblliinngg//DDiissaabblliinngg  FFeeaattuurreess 11..22..  UURRLL  SSyynnttaaxx 22..  SSSSLL//TTLLSS  SSuuppppoorrtt 33..  PPOOPP33  SSuuppppoorrtt 44..  IIMMAAPP  SSuuppppoorrtt 44..11..  TThhee  IIMMAAPP  FFoollddeerr  BBrroowwsseerr 44..22..  AAuutthheennttiiccaattiioonn 55..  SSMMTTPP  SSuuppppoorrtt 66..  MMaannaaggiinngg  MMuullttiippllee  AAccccoouunnttss 77..  LLooccaall  CCaacchhiinngg 77..11..  HHeeaaddeerr  CCaacchhiinngg 77..22..  BBooddyy  CCaacchhiinngg 77..33..  CCaacchhee  DDiirreeccttoorriieess 77..44..  MMaaiinntteennaannccee 88..  EExxaacctt  AAddddrreessss  GGeenneerraattiioonn 99..  SSeennddiinngg  AAnnoonnyymmoouuss  MMeessssaaggeess  vviiaa  MMiixxmmaasstteerr 1. General Notes 1.1. Enabling/Disabling Features Mutt supports several of optional features which can be enabled or disabled at compile-time by giving the _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e script certain arguments. These are listed in the "Optional features" section of the _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e_ _-_-_h_e_l_p output. Which features are enabled or disabled can later be determined from the output of mutt -v. If a compile option starts with "+" it is enabled and disabled if prefixed with "-". For example, if Mutt was compiled using GnuTLS for encrypted communication instead of OpenSSL, mutt -v would contain: -USE_SSL_OPENSSL +USE_SSL_GNUTLS 1.2. URL Syntax Mutt optionally supports the IMAP, POP3 and SMTP protocols which require to access servers using URLs. The canonical syntax for specifying URLs in Mutt is (an item enclosed in [] means it is optional and may be omitted): proto[s]://[username[:password]@]server[:port][/path] _p_r_o_t_o is the communication protocol: imap for IMAP, pop for POP3 and smtp for SMTP. If "s" for "secure communication" is appended, Mutt will attempt to establish an encrypted communication using SSL or TLS. Since all protocols supported by Mutt support/require authentication, login credentials may be specified in the URL. This has the advantage that multiple IMAP, POP3 or SMTP servers may be specified (which isn't possible using, for example, $$iimmaapp__uusseerr). The username may contain the "@" symbol being used by many mail systems as part of the login name. The special characters "/" (%2F), ":" (%3A) and "%" (%25) have to be URL-encoded in usernames using the %-notation. A password can be given, too but is not recommended if the URL is specified in a configuration file on disk. If no port number is given, Mutt will use the system's default for the given protocol (usually consulting /etc/services). The optional path is only relevant for IMAP and ignored elsewhere. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _6_._1_._ _U_R_L_s pops://host/ imaps://user@host/INBOX/Sent smtp://user@host:587/ 2. SSL/TLS Support If Mutt is compiled with IMAP, POP3 and/or SMTP support, it can also be compiled with support for SSL or TLS using either OpenSSL or GnuTLS ( by running the _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e script with the _-_-_e_n_a_b_l_e_-_s_s_l_=_._._. option for OpenSSL or _-_-_e_n_a_b_l_e_-_g_n_u_t_l_s_=_._._. for GnuTLS). Mutt can then attempt to encrypt communication with remote servers if these protocols are suffixed with "s" for "secure communication". 3. POP3 Support If Mutt is compiled with POP3 support (by running the _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e script with the _-_-_e_n_a_b_l_e_-_p_o_p flag), it has the ability to work with mailboxes located on a remote POP3 server and fetch mail for local browsing. Remote POP3 servers can be accessed using URLs with the pop protocol for unencrypted and pops for encrypted communication, see SSeeccttiioonn  11..22,, ""UURRLL  SSyynnttaaxx"" for details. Polling for new mail is more expensive over POP3 than locally. For this reason the frequency at which Mutt will check for mail remotely can be controlled by the $$ppoopp__cchheecckkiinntteerrvvaall variable, which defaults to every 60 seconds. POP is read-only which doesn't allow for some features like editing messages or changing flags. However, using SSeeccttiioonn  77..11,,  ""HHeeaaddeerr CCaacchhiinngg"" and SSeeccttiioonn  77..22,,  ""BBooddyy  CCaacchhiinngg"" Mutt simulates the new/old/read flags as well as flagged and replied. Mutt applies some logic on top of remote messages but cannot change them so that modifications of flags are lost when messages are downloaded from the POP server (either by Mutt or other tools). Another way to access your POP3 mail is the <fetch-mail> function (default: G). It allows to connect to $$ppoopp__hhoosstt, fetch all your new mail and place it in the local $$ssppoooollffiillee. After this point, Mutt runs exactly as if the mail had always been local. Note If you only need to fetch all messages to a local mailbox you should consider using a specialized program, such as fetchmail(1), getmail(1) or similar. 4. IMAP Support If Mutt was compiled with IMAP support (by running the _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e script with the _-_-_e_n_a_b_l_e_-_i_m_a_p flag), it has the ability to work with folders located on a remote IMAP server. You can access the remote inbox by selecting the folder by its URL (see SSeeccttiioonn  11..22,,  ""UURRLL  SSyynnttaaxx"" for details) using the imap or imaps protocol. Alternatively, a pine-compatible notation is also supported, i.e. {[username@]imapserver[:port][/ssl]}path/to/folder Note that not all servers use "/" as the hierarchy separator. Mutt should correctly notice which separator is being used by the server and convert paths accordingly. When browsing folders on an IMAP server, you can toggle whether to look at only the folders you are subscribed to, or all folders with the _t_o_g_g_l_e_-_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_b_e_d command. See also the $$iimmaapp__lliisstt__ssuubbssccrriibbeedd variable. Polling for new mail on an IMAP server can cause noticeable delays. So, you'll want to carefully tune the $$mmaaiill__cchheecckk and $$ttiimmeeoouutt variables. Reasonable values are: set mail_check=90 set timeout=15 with relatively good results even over slow modem lines. Note Note that if you are using mbox as the mail store on UW servers prior to v12.250, the server has been reported to disconnect a client if another client selects the same folder. 4.1. The IMAP Folder Browser As of version 1.2, Mutt supports browsing mailboxes on an IMAP server. This is mostly the same as the local file browser, with the following differences: * In lieu of file permissions, Mutt displays the string "IMAP", possibly followed by the symbol "+", indicating that the entry contains both messages and subfolders. On Cyrus-like servers folders will often contain both messages and subfolders. * For the case where an entry can contain both messages and subfolders, the selection key (bound to enter by default) will choose to descend into the subfolder view. If you wish to view the messages in that folder, you must use view-file instead (bound to space by default). * You can create, delete and rename mailboxes with the <create-mailbox>, <delete-mailbox>, and <rename-mailbox> commands (default bindings: C, d and r, respectively). You may also <subscribe> and <unsubscribe> to mailboxes (normally these are bound to s and u, respectively). 4.2. Authentication Mutt supports four authentication methods with IMAP servers: SASL, GSSAPI, CRAM-MD5, and LOGIN (there is a patch by Grant Edwards to add NTLM authentication for you poor exchange users out there, but it has yet to be integrated into the main tree). There is also support for the pseudo-protocol ANONYMOUS, which allows you to log in to a public IMAP server without having an account. To use ANONYMOUS, simply make your username blank or "anonymous". SASL is a special super-authenticator, which selects among several protocols (including GSSAPI, CRAM-MD5, ANONYMOUS, and DIGEST-MD5) the most secure method available on your host and the server. Using some of these methods (including DIGEST-MD5 and possibly GSSAPI), your entire session will be encrypted and invisible to those teeming network snoops. It is the best option if you have it. To use it, you must have the Cyrus SASL library installed on your system and compile Mutt with the _-_-_w_i_t_h_-_s_a_s_l flag. Mutt will try whichever methods are compiled in and available on the server, in the following order: SASL, ANONYMOUS, GSSAPI, CRAM-MD5, LOGIN. There are a few variables which control authentication: * $$iimmaapp__uusseerr - controls the username under which you request authentication on the IMAP server, for all authenticators. This is overridden by an explicit username in the mailbox path (i.e. by using a mailbox name of the form {user@host}). * $$iimmaapp__ppaassss - a password which you may preset, used by all authentication methods where a password is needed. * $$iimmaapp__aauutthheennttiiccaattoorrss - a colon-delimited list of IMAP authentication methods to try, in the order you wish to try them. If specified, this overrides Mutt's default (attempt everything, in the order listed above). 5. SMTP Support Besides supporting traditional mail delivery through a sendmail-compatible program, Mutt supports delivery through SMTP if it was configured and built with --enable-smtp. If the configuration variable $$ssmmttpp__uurrll is set, Mutt will contact the given SMTP server to deliver messages; if it is unset, Mutt will use the program specified by $$sseennddmmaaiill. For details on the URL syntax, please see SSeeccttiioonn  11..22,,  ""UURRLL  SSyynnttaaxx"". The built-in SMTP support supports encryption (the smtps protocol using SSL or TLS) as well as SMTP authentication using SASL. The authentication mechanisms for SASL are specified in $$ssmmttpp__aauutthheennttiiccaattoorrss defaulting to an empty list which makes Mutt try all available methods from most-secure to least-secure. 6. Managing Multiple Accounts Usage: account-hook _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _c_o_m_m_a_n_d If you happen to have accounts on multiple IMAP, POP and/or SMTP servers, you may find managing all the authentication settings inconvenient and error-prone. The aaccccoouunntt--hhooookk command may help. This hook works like ffoollddeerr--hhooookk but is invoked whenever Mutt needs to access a remote mailbox (including inside the folder browser), not just when you open the mailbox. This includes (for example) polling for new mail, storing Fcc messages and saving messages to a folder. As a consequence, aaccccoouunntt--hhooookk should only be used to set connection-related settings such as passwords or tunnel commands but not settings such as sender address or name (because in general it should be considered unpredictable which aaccccoouunntt--hhooookk was last used). Some examples: account-hook . 'unset imap_user; unset imap_pass; unset tunnel' account-hook imap://host1/ 'set imap_user=me1 imap_pass=foo' account-hook imap://host2/ 'set tunnel="ssh host2 /usr/libexec/imapd"' account-hook smtp://user@host3/ 'set tunnel="ssh host3 /usr/libexec/smtpd"' To manage multiple accounts with, for example, different values of $$rreeccoorrdd or sender addresses, ffoollddeerr--hhooookk has to be be used together with the mmaaiillbbooxxeess command. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_ _6_._2_._ _M_a_n_a_g_i_n_g_ _m_u_l_t_i_p_l_e_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s mailboxes imap://user@host1/INBOX folder-hook imap://user@host1/ 'set folder=imap://host1/ ; set record=+INBOX/Sen t' mailboxes imap://user@host2/INBOX folder-hook imap://user@host2/ 'set folder=imap://host2/ ; set record=+INBOX/Sen t' In example EExxaammppllee  66..22,,  ""MMaannaaggiinngg  mmuullttiippllee  aaccccoouunnttss"" the folders are defined using mmaaiillbbooxxeess so Mutt polls them for new mail. Each ffoollddeerr--hhooookk triggers when one mailbox below each IMAP account is opened and sets $$ffoollddeerr to the account's root folder. Next, it sets $$rreeccoorrdd to the _I_N_B_O_X_/_S_e_n_t folder below the newly set $$ffoollddeerr. Please notice that the value the "+" mmaaiillbbooxx  sshhoorrttccuutt refers to depends on the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t value of $$ffoollddeerr and therefore has to be set separately per account. Setting other values like $$ffrroomm or $$ssiiggnnaattuurree is analogous to setting $$rreeccoorrdd. 7. Local Caching Mutt contains two types of local caching: _(_1_) the so-called "header caching" and _(_2_) the so-called "body caching" which are both described in this section. Header caching is optional as it depends on external libraries, body caching is always enabled if Mutt is compiled with POP and/or IMAP support as these use it (body caching requires no external library). 7.1. Header Caching Mutt provides optional support for caching message headers for the following types of folders: IMAP, POP, Maildir and MH. Header caching greatly speeds up opening large folders because for remote folders, headers usually only need to be downloaded once. For Maildir and MH, reading the headers from a single file is much faster than looking at possibly thousands of single files (since Maildir and MH use one file per message.) Header caching can be enabled via the configure script and the _-_-_e_n_a_b_l_e_-_h_c_a_c_h_e option. It's not turned on by default because external database libraries are required: one of tokyocabinet, qdbm, gdbm or bdb must be present. If enabled, $$hheeaaddeerr__ccaacchhee can be used to either point to a file or a directory. If set to point to a file, one database file for all folders will be used (which may result in lower performance), but one file per folder if it points to a directory. 7.2. Body Caching Both cache methods can be combined using the same directory for storage (and for IMAP/POP even provide meaningful file names) which simplifies manual maintenance tasks. In addition to caching message headers only, Mutt can also cache whole message bodies. This results in faster display of messages for POP and IMAP folders because messages usually have to be downloaded only once. For configuration, the variable $$mmeessssaaggee__ccaacchheeddiirr must point to a directory. There, Mutt will create a hierarchy of subdirectories named like the account and mailbox path the cache is for. 7.3. Cache Directories For using both, header and body caching, $$hheeaaddeerr__ccaacchhee and $$mmeessssaaggee__ccaacchheeddiirr can be safely set to the same value. In a header or body cache directory, Mutt creates a directory hierarchy named like: proto:user@hostname where proto is either "pop" or "imap." Within there, for each folder, Mutt stores messages in single files and header caches in files with the ".hcache" extension. All files can be removed as needed if the consumed disk space becomes an issue as Mutt will silently fetch missing items again. Pathnames are always stored in UTF-8 encoding. For Maildir and MH, the header cache files are named after the MD5 checksum of the path. 7.4. Maintenance Mutt does not (yet) support maintenance features for header cache database files so that files have to be removed in case they grow too big. It depends on the database library used for header caching whether disk space freed by removing messages is re-used. For body caches, Mutt can keep the local cache in sync with the remote mailbox if the $$mmeessssaaggee__ccaacchhee__cclleeaann variable is set. Cleaning means to remove messages from the cache which are no longer present in the mailbox which only happens when other mail clients or instances of Mutt using a different body cache location delete messages (Mutt itself removes deleted messages from the cache when syncing a mailbox). As cleaning can take a noticeable amount of time, it should not be set in general but only occasionally. 8. Exact Address Generation Mutt supports the "Name <user@host>" address syntax for reading and writing messages, the older "user@host (Name)" syntax is only supported when reading messages. The _-_-_e_n_a_b_l_e_-_e_x_a_c_t_-_a_d_d_r_e_s_s switch can be given to configure to build it with write-support for the latter syntax. EXACT_ADDRESS in the output of mutt -v indicates whether it's supported. 9. Sending Anonymous Messages via Mixmaster You may also have compiled Mutt to co-operate with Mixmaster, an anonymous remailer. Mixmaster permits you to send your messages anonymously using a chain of remailers. Mixmaster support in Mutt is for mixmaster version 2.04 or later. To use it, you'll have to obey certain restrictions. Most important, you cannot use the Cc and Bcc headers. To tell Mutt to use mixmaster, you have to select a remailer chain, using the mix function on the compose menu. The chain selection screen is divided into two parts. In the (larger) upper part, you get a list of remailers you may use. In the lower part, you see the currently selected chain of remailers. You can navigate in the chain using the <chain-prev> and <chain-next> functions, which are by default bound to the left and right arrows and to the h and l keys (think vi keyboard bindings). To insert a remailer at the current chain position, use the <insert> function. To append a remailer behind the current chain position, use <select-entry> or <append>. You can also delete entries from the chain, using the corresponding function. Finally, to abandon your changes, leave the menu, or <accept> them pressing (by default) the Return key. Note that different remailers do have different capabilities, indicated in the %c entry of the remailer menu lines (see $$mmiixx__eennttrryy__ffoorrmmaatt). Most important is the "middleman" capability, indicated by a capital "M": This means that the remailer in question cannot be used as the final element of a chain, but will only forward messages to other mixmaster remailers. For details on the other capabilities, please have a look at the mixmaster documentation. Chapter 7. Security Considerations _T_a_b_l_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_n_t_e_n_t_s 11..  PPaasssswwoorrddss 22..  TTeemmppoorraarryy  FFiilleess 33..  IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn  LLeeaakkss 33..11..  MMeessssaaggee--IIdd::  hheeaaddeerrss 33..22..  mmaaiillttoo::--ssttyyllee  LLiinnkkss 44..  EExxtteerrnnaall  AApppplliiccaattiioonnss First of all, Mutt contains no security holes included by intention but may contain unknown security holes. As a consequence, please run Mutt only with as few permissions as possible. Especially, do not run Mutt as the super user. When configuring Mutt, there're some points to note about secure setups so please read this chapter carefully. 1. Passwords Although Mutt can be told the various passwords for accounts, please never store passwords in configuration files. Besides the fact that the system's operator can always read them, you could forget to mask it out when reporting a bug or asking for help via a mailing list. Even worse, your mail including your password could be archived by internet search engines, mail-to-news gateways etc. It may already be too late before you notice your mistake. 2. Temporary Files Mutt uses many temporary files for viewing messages, verifying digital signatures, etc. As long as being used, these files are visible by other users and maybe even readable in case of misconfiguration. Also, a different location for these files may be desired which can be changed via the $$ttmmppddiirr variable. 3. Information Leaks 3.1. Message-Id: headers Message-Id: headers contain a local part that is to be created in a unique fashion. In order to do so, Mutt will "leak" some information to the outside world when sending messages: the generation of this header includes a step counter which is increased (and rotated) with every message sent. In a longer running mutt session, others can make assumptions about your mailing habits depending on the number of messages sent. If this is not desired, the header can be manually provided using $$eeddiitt__hheeaaddeerrss (though not recommended). 3.2. mailto:-style Links As Mutt be can be set up to be the mail client to handle mailto: style links in websites, there're security considerations, too. Arbitrary header fields can be embedded in these links which could override existing header fields or attach arbitrary files using tthhee  AAttttaacchh:: ppsseeuuddoohheeaaddeerr. This may be problematic if the $$eeddiitt--hheeaaddeerrss variable is _u_n_s_e_t, i.e. the user doesn't want to see header fields while editing the message and doesn't pay enough attention to the compose menu's listing of attachments. For example, following a link like mailto:joe@host?Attach=~/.gnupg/secring.gpg will send out the user's private gnupg keyring to joe@host if the user doesn't follow the information on screen carefully enough. 4. External Applications Mutt in many places has to rely on external applications or for convenience supports mechanisms involving external applications. One of these is the mailcap mechanism as defined by RfC1524. Details about a secure use of the mailcap mechanisms is given in SSeeccttiioonn  33..22,, ""SSeeccuurree  UUssee  ooff  MMaaiillccaapp"". Besides the mailcap mechanism, Mutt uses a number of other external utilities for operation, for example to provide crypto support, in backtick expansion in configuration files or format string filters. The same security considerations apply for these as for tools involved via mailcap. Chapter 8. Performance Tuning _T_a_b_l_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_n_t_e_n_t_s 11..  RReeaaddiinngg  aanndd  WWrriittiinngg  MMaaiillbbooxxeess 22..  RReeaaddiinngg  MMeessssaaggeess  ffrroomm  RReemmoottee  FFoollddeerrss 33..  SSeeaarrcchhiinngg  aanndd  LLiimmiittiinngg 1. Reading and Writing Mailboxes Mutt's performance when reading mailboxes can be improved in two ways: 1. For remote folders (IMAP and POP) as well as folders using one-file-per message storage (Maildir and MH), Mutt's performance can be greatly improved using hheeaaddeerr  ccaacchhiinngg. using a single database per folder. 2. Mutt provides the $$rreeaadd__iinncc and $$wwrriittee__iinncc variables to specify at which rate to update progress counters. If these values are too low, Mutt may spend more time on updating the progress counter than it spends on actually reading/writing folders. For example, when opening a maildir folder with a few thousand messages, the default value for $$rreeaadd__iinncc may be too low. It can be tuned on on a folder-basis using ffoollddeerr--hhooookkss: # use very high $read_inc to speed up reading hcache'd maildirs folder-hook . 'set read_inc=1000' # use lower value for reading slower remote IMAP folders folder-hook ^imap 'set read_inc=100' # use even lower value for reading even slower remote POP folders folder-hook ^pop 'set read_inc=1' These settings work on a per-message basis. However, as messages may greatly differ in size and certain operations are much faster than others, even per-folder settings of the increment variables may not be desirable as they produce either too few or too much progress updates. Thus, Mutt allows to limit the number of progress updates per second it'll actually send to the terminal using the $$ttiimmee__iinncc variable. 2. Reading Messages from Remote Folders Reading messages from remote folders such as IMAP an POP can be slow especially for large mailboxes since Mutt only caches a very limited number of recently viewed messages (usually 10) per session (so that it will be gone for the next session.) To improve performance and permanently cache whole messages, please refer to Mutt's so-called bbooddyy  ccaacchhiinngg for details. 3. Searching and Limiting When searching mailboxes either via a search or a limit action, for some patterns Mutt distinguishes between regular expression and string searches. For regular expressions, patterns are prefixed with "~" and with "=" for string searches. Even though a regular expression search is fast, it's several times slower than a pure string search which is noticeable especially on large folders. As a consequence, a string search should be used instead of a regular expression search if the user already knows enough about the search pattern. For example, when limiting a large folder to all messages sent to or by an author, it's much faster to search for the initial part of an e-mail address via =Luser@ instead of ~Luser@. This is especially true for searching message bodies since a larger amount of input has to be searched. As for regular expressions, a lower case string search pattern makes Mutt perform a case-insensitive search except for IMAP (because for IMAP Mutt performs server-side searches which don't support case-insensitivity). Chapter 9. Reference _T_a_b_l_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_n_t_e_n_t_s 11..  CCoommmmaanndd--LLiinnee  OOppttiioonnss 22..  CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  CCoommmmaannddss 33..  CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn  VVaarriiaabblleess 33..11..  aabboorrtt__nnoossuubbjjeecctt 33..22..  aabboorrtt__uunnmmooddiiffiieedd 33..33..  aalliiaass__ffiillee 33..44..  aalliiaass__ffoorrmmaatt 33..55..  aallllooww__88bbiitt 33..66..  aallllooww__aannssii 33..77..  aarrrrooww__ccuurrssoorr 33..88..  aasscciiii__cchhaarrss 33..99..  aasskkbbcccc 33..1100..  aasskkcccc 33..1111..  aassssuummeedd__cchhaarrsseett 33..1122..  aattttaacchh__cchhaarrsseett 33..1133..  aattttaacchh__ffoorrmmaatt 33..1144..  aattttaacchh__sseepp 33..1155..  aattttaacchh__sspplliitt 33..1166..  aattttrriibbuuttiioonn 33..1177..  aauuttoo__ttaagg 33..1188..  aauuttooeeddiitt 33..1199..  bbeeeepp 33..2200..  bbeeeepp__nneeww 33..2211..  bboouunnccee 33..2222..  bboouunnccee__ddeelliivveerreedd 33..2233..  bbrraaiillllee__ffrriieennddllyy 33..2244..  cceerrttiiffiiccaattee__ffiillee 33..2255..  cchhaarrsseett 33..2266..  cchheecckk__mmbbooxx__ssiizzee 33..2277..  cchheecckk__nneeww 33..2288..  ccoollllaappssee__uunnrreeaadd 33..2299..  ccoommppoossee__ffoorrmmaatt 33..3300..  ccoonnffiigg__cchhaarrsseett 33..3311..  ccoonnffiirrmmaappppeenndd 33..3322..  ccoonnffiirrmmccrreeaattee 33..3333..  ccoonnnneecctt__ttiimmeeoouutt 33..3344..  ccoonntteenntt__ttyyppee 33..3355..  ccooppyy 33..3366..  ccrryypptt__aauuttooeennccrryypptt 33..3377..  ccrryypptt__aauuttooppggpp 33..3388..  ccrryypptt__aauuttoossiiggnn 33..3399..  ccrryypptt__aauuttoossmmiimmee 33..4400..  ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyeennccrryypptt 33..4411..  ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyssiiggnn 33..4422..  ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyssiiggnneennccrryypptteedd 33..4433..  ccrryypptt__ttiimmeessttaammpp 33..4444..  ccrryypptt__uussee__ggppggmmee 33..4455..  ccrryypptt__uussee__ppkkaa 33..4466..  ccrryypptt__vveerriiffyy__ssiigg 33..4477..  ddaattee__ffoorrmmaatt 33..4488..  ddeeffaauulltt__hhooookk 33..4499..  ddeelleettee 33..5500..  ddeelleettee__uunnttaagg 33..5511..  ddiiggeesstt__ccoollllaappssee 33..5522..  ddiissppllaayy__ffiilltteerr 33..5533..  ddssnn__nnoottiiffyy 33..5544..  ddssnn__rreettuurrnn 33..5555..  dduupplliiccaattee__tthhrreeaaddss 33..5566..  eeddiitt__hheeaaddeerrss 33..5577..  eeddiittoorr 33..5588..  eennccooddee__ffrroomm 33..5599..  eennvveellooppee__ffrroomm__aaddddrreessss 33..6600..  eessccaappee 33..6611..  ffaasstt__rreeppllyy 33..6622..  ffcccc__aattttaacchh 33..6633..  ffcccc__cclleeaarr 33..6644..  ffoollddeerr 33..6655..  ffoollddeerr__ffoorrmmaatt 33..6666..  ffoolllloowwuupp__ttoo 33..6677..  ffoorrccee__nnaammee 33..6688..  ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccooddee 33..6699..  ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccrryypptt 33..7700..  ffoorrwwaarrdd__eeddiitt 33..7711..  ffoorrwwaarrdd__ffoorrmmaatt 33..7722..  ffoorrwwaarrdd__qquuoottee 33..7733..  ffrroomm 33..7744..  ggeeccooss__mmaasskk 33..7755..  hhddrrss 33..7766..  hheeaaddeerr 33..7777..  hheeaaddeerr__ccaacchhee 33..7788..  hheeaaddeerr__ccaacchhee__ccoommpprreessss 33..7799..  hheellpp 33..8800..  hhiiddddeenn__hhoosstt 33..8811..  hhiiddee__lliimmiitteedd 33..8822..  hhiiddee__mmiissssiinngg 33..8833..  hhiiddee__tthhrreeaadd__ssuubbjjeecctt 33..8844..  hhiiddee__ttoopp__lliimmiitteedd 33..8855..  hhiiddee__ttoopp__mmiissssiinngg 33..8866..  hhiissttoorryy 33..8877..  hhiissttoorryy__ffiillee 33..8888..  hhoonnoorr__ddiissppoossiittiioonn 33..8899..  hhoonnoorr__ffoolllloowwuupp__ttoo 33..9900..  hhoossttnnaammee 33..9911..  iiggnnoorree__lliinneeaarr__wwhhiittee__ssppaaccee 33..9922..  iiggnnoorree__lliisstt__rreeppllyy__ttoo 33..9933..  iimmaapp__aauutthheennttiiccaattoorrss 33..9944..  iimmaapp__cchheecckk__ssuubbssccrriibbeedd 33..9955..  iimmaapp__ddeelliimm__cchhaarrss 33..9966..  iimmaapp__hheeaaddeerrss 33..9977..  iimmaapp__iiddllee 33..9988..  iimmaapp__kkeeeeppaalliivvee 33..9999..  iimmaapp__lliisstt__ssuubbssccrriibbeedd 33..110000..  iimmaapp__llooggiinn 33..110011..  iimmaapp__ppaassss 33..110022..  iimmaapp__ppaassssiivvee 33..110033..  iimmaapp__ppeeeekk 33..110044..  iimmaapp__ppiippeelliinnee__ddeepptthh 33..110055..  iimmaapp__sseerrvveerrnnooiissee 33..110066..  iimmaapp__uusseerr 33..110077..  iimmpplliicciitt__aauuttoovviieeww 33..110088..  iinncclluuddee 33..110099..  iinncclluuddee__oonnllyyffiirrsstt 33..111100..  iinnddeenntt__ssttrriinngg 33..111111..  iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt 33..111122..  iissppeellll 33..111133..  kkeeeepp__ffllaaggggeedd 33..111144..  llooccaallee 33..111155..  mmaaiill__cchheecckk 33..111166..  mmaaiill__cchheecckk__rreecceenntt 33..111177..  mmaaiillccaapp__ppaatthh 33..111188..  mmaaiillccaapp__ssaanniittiizzee 33..111199..  mmaaiillddiirr__hheeaaddeerr__ccaacchhee__vveerriiffyy 33..112200..  mmaaiillddiirr__ttrraasshh 33..112211..  mmaarrkk__oolldd 33..112222..  mmaarrkkeerrss 33..112233..  mmaasskk 33..112244..  mmbbooxx 33..112255..  mmbbooxx__ttyyppee 33..112266..  mmeennuu__ccoonntteexxtt 33..112277..  mmeennuu__mmoovvee__ooffff 33..112288..  mmeennuu__ssccrroollll 33..112299..  mmeessssaaggee__ccaacchhee__cclleeaann 33..113300..  mmeessssaaggee__ccaacchheeddiirr 33..113311..  mmeessssaaggee__ffoorrmmaatt 33..113322..  mmeettaa__kkeeyy 33..113333..  mmeettoooo 33..113344..  mmhh__ppuurrggee 33..113355..  mmhh__sseeqq__ffllaaggggeedd 33..113366..  mmhh__sseeqq__rreepplliieedd 33..113377..  mmhh__sseeqq__uunnsseeeenn 33..113388..  mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd 33..113399..  mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccooddee 33..114400..  mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd__rreesstt 33..114411..  mmoovvee 33..114422..  nnaarrrrooww__ttrreeee 33..114433..  nneett__iinncc 33..114444..  ppaaggeerr 33..114455..  ppaaggeerr__ccoonntteexxtt 33..114466..  ppaaggeerr__ffoorrmmaatt 33..114477..  ppaaggeerr__iinnddeexx__lliinneess 33..114488..  ppaaggeerr__ssttoopp 33..114499..  ppggpp__aauuttoo__ddeeccooddee 33..115500..  ppggpp__aauuttooiinnlliinnee 33..115511..  ppggpp__cchheecckk__eexxiitt 33..115522..  ppggpp__cclleeaarrssiiggnn__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115533..  ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115544..  ppggpp__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115555..  ppggpp__eennccrryypptt__oonnllyy__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115566..  ppggpp__eennccrryypptt__ssiiggnn__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115577..  ppggpp__eennttrryy__ffoorrmmaatt 33..115588..  ppggpp__eexxppoorrtt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..115599..  ppggpp__ggeettkkeeyyss__ccoommmmaanndd 33..116600..  ppggpp__ggoooodd__ssiiggnn 33..116611..  ppggpp__iiggnnoorree__ssuubbkkeeyyss 33..116622..  ppggpp__iimmppoorrtt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..116633..  ppggpp__lliisstt__ppuubbrriinngg__ccoommmmaanndd 33..116644..  ppggpp__lliisstt__sseeccrriinngg__ccoommmmaanndd 33..116655..  ppggpp__lloonngg__iiddss 33..116666..  ppggpp__mmiimmee__aauuttoo 33..116677..  ppggpp__rreeppllyyiinnlliinnee 33..116688..  ppggpp__rreettaaiinnaabbllee__ssiiggss 33..116699..  ppggpp__sshhooww__uunnuussaabbllee 33..117700..  ppggpp__ssiiggnn__aass 33..117711..  ppggpp__ssiiggnn__ccoommmmaanndd 33..117722..  ppggpp__ssoorrtt__kkeeyyss 33..117733..  ppggpp__ssttrriicctt__eenncc 33..117744..  ppggpp__ttiimmeeoouutt 33..117755..  ppggpp__uussee__ggppgg__aaggeenntt 33..117766..  ppggpp__vveerriiffyy__ccoommmmaanndd 33..117777..  ppggpp__vveerriiffyy__kkeeyy__ccoommmmaanndd 33..117788..  ppiippee__ddeeccooddee 33..117799..  ppiippee__sseepp 33..118800..  ppiippee__sspplliitt 33..118811..  ppoopp__aauutthh__ttrryy__aallll 33..118822..  ppoopp__aauutthheennttiiccaattoorrss 33..118833..  ppoopp__cchheecckkiinntteerrvvaall 33..118844..  ppoopp__ddeelleettee 33..118855..  ppoopp__hhoosstt 33..118866..  ppoopp__llaasstt 33..118877..  ppoopp__ppaassss 33..118888..  ppoopp__rreeccoonnnneecctt 33..118899..  ppoopp__uusseerr 33..119900..  ppoosstt__iinnddeenntt__ssttrriinngg 33..119911..  ppoossttppoonnee 33..119922..  ppoossttppoonneedd 33..119933..  pprreeccoonnnneecctt 33..119944..  pprriinntt 33..119955..  pprriinntt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..119966..  pprriinntt__ddeeccooddee 33..119977..  pprriinntt__sspplliitt 33..119988..  pprroommpptt__aafftteerr 33..119999..  qquueerryy__ccoommmmaanndd 33..220000..  qquueerryy__ffoorrmmaatt 33..220011..  qquuiitt 33..220022..  qquuoottee__rreeggeexxpp 33..220033..  rreeaadd__iinncc 33..220044..  rreeaadd__oonnllyy 33..220055..  rreeaallnnaammee 33..220066..  rreeccaallll 33..220077..  rreeccoorrdd 33..220088..  rreeppllyy__rreeggeexxpp 33..220099..  rreeppllyy__sseellff 33..221100..  rreeppllyy__ttoo 33..221111..  rreessoollvvee 33..221122..  rreevveerrssee__aalliiaass 33..221133..  rreevveerrssee__nnaammee 33..221144..  rreevveerrssee__rreeaallnnaammee 33..221155..  rrffcc22004477__ppaarraammeetteerrss 33..221166..  ssaavvee__aaddddrreessss 33..221177..  ssaavvee__eemmppttyy 33..221188..  ssaavvee__hhiissttoorryy 33..221199..  ssaavvee__nnaammee 33..222200..  ssccoorree 33..222211..  ssccoorree__tthhrreesshhoolldd__ddeelleettee 33..222222..  ssccoorree__tthhrreesshhoolldd__ffllaagg 33..222233..  ssccoorree__tthhrreesshhoolldd__rreeaadd 33..222244..  sseeaarrcchh__ccoonntteexxtt 33..222255..  sseenndd__cchhaarrsseett 33..222266..  sseennddmmaaiill 33..222277..  sseennddmmaaiill__wwaaiitt 33..222288..  sshheellll 33..222299..  ssiigg__ddaasshheess 33..223300..  ssiigg__oonn__ttoopp 33..223311..  ssiiggnnaattuurree 33..223322..  ssiimmppllee__sseeaarrcchh 33..223333..  sslleeeepp__ttiimmee 33..223344..  ssmmaarrtt__wwrraapp 33..223355..  ssmmiilleeyyss 33..223366..  ssmmiimmee__aasskk__cceerrtt__llaabbeell 33..223377..  ssmmiimmee__ccaa__llooccaattiioonn 33..223388..  ssmmiimmee__cceerrttiiffiiccaatteess 33..223399..  ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224400..  ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__uussee__ddeeffaauulltt__kkeeyy 33..224411..  ssmmiimmee__ddeeffaauulltt__kkeeyy 33..224422..  ssmmiimmee__eennccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224433..  ssmmiimmee__eennccrryypptt__wwiitthh 33..224444..  ssmmiimmee__ggeett__cceerrtt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224455..  ssmmiimmee__ggeett__cceerrtt__eemmaaiill__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224466..  ssmmiimmee__ggeett__ssiiggnneerr__cceerrtt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224477..  ssmmiimmee__iimmppoorrtt__cceerrtt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..224488..  ssmmiimmee__iiss__ddeeffaauulltt 33..224499..  ssmmiimmee__kkeeyyss 33..225500..  ssmmiimmee__ppkk77oouutt__ccoommmmaanndd 33..225511..  ssmmiimmee__ssiiggnn__ccoommmmaanndd 33..225522..  ssmmiimmee__ssiiggnn__ooppaaqquuee__ccoommmmaanndd 33..225533..  ssmmiimmee__ttiimmeeoouutt 33..225544..  ssmmiimmee__vveerriiffyy__ccoommmmaanndd 33..225555..  ssmmiimmee__vveerriiffyy__ooppaaqquuee__ccoommmmaanndd 33..225566..  ssmmttpp__aauutthheennttiiccaattoorrss 33..225577..  ssmmttpp__ppaassss 33..225588..  ssmmttpp__uurrll 33..225599..  ssoorrtt 33..226600..  ssoorrtt__aalliiaass 33..226611..  ssoorrtt__aauuxx 33..226622..  ssoorrtt__bbrroowwsseerr 33..226633..  ssoorrtt__rree 33..226644..  ssppaamm__sseeppaarraattoorr 33..226655..  ssppoooollffiillee 33..226666..  ssssll__ccaa__cceerrttiiffiiccaatteess__ffiillee 33..226677..  ssssll__cclliieenntt__cceerrtt 33..226688..  ssssll__ffoorrccee__ttllss 33..226699..  ssssll__mmiinn__ddhh__pprriimmee__bbiittss 33..227700..  ssssll__ssttaarrttttllss 33..227711..  ssssll__uussee__ssssllvv33 33..227722..  ssssll__uussee__ttllssvv11 33..227733..  ssssll__uussee__ttllssvv11__11 33..227744..  ssssll__uussee__ttllssvv11__22 33..227755..  ssssll__vveerriiffyy__ddaatteess 33..227766..  ssssll__vveerriiffyy__hhoosstt 33..227777..  ssttaattuuss__cchhaarrss 33..227788..  ssttaattuuss__ffoorrmmaatt 33..227799..  ssttaattuuss__oonn__ttoopp 33..228800..  ssttrriicctt__tthhrreeaaddss 33..228811..  ssuussppeenndd 33..228822..  tteexxtt__fflloowweedd 33..228833..  tthhoorroouugghh__sseeaarrcchh 33..228844..  tthhrreeaadd__rreecceeiivveedd 33..228855..  ttiillddee 33..228866..  ttiimmee__iinncc 33..228877..  ttiimmeeoouutt 33..228888..  ttmmppddiirr 33..228899..  ttoo__cchhaarrss 33..229900..  ttuunnnneell 33..229911..  uunnccoollllaappssee__jjuummpp 33..229922..  uussee__88bbiittmmiimmee 33..229933..  uussee__ddoommaaiinn 33..229944..  uussee__eennvveellooppee__ffrroomm 33..229955..  uussee__ffrroomm 33..229966..  uussee__iiddnn 33..229977..  uussee__iippvv66 33..229988..  uusseerr__aaggeenntt 33..229999..  vviissuuaall 33..330000..  wwaaiitt__kkeeyy 33..330011..  wweeeedd 33..330022..  wwrraapp 33..330033..  wwrraapp__hheeaaddeerrss 33..330044..  wwrraapp__sseeaarrcchh 33..330055..  wwrraappmmaarrggiinn 33..330066..  wwrriittee__bbcccc 33..330077..  wwrriittee__iinncc 44..  FFuunnccttiioonnss 44..11..  GGeenneerriicc  MMeennuu 44..22..  IInnddeexx  MMeennuu 44..33..  PPaaggeerr  MMeennuu 44..44..  AAlliiaass  MMeennuu 44..55..  QQuueerryy  MMeennuu 44..66..  AAttttaacchhmmeenntt  MMeennuu 44..77..  CCoommppoossee  MMeennuu 44..88..  PPoossttppoonnee  MMeennuu 44..99..  BBrroowwsseerr  MMeennuu 44..1100..  PPggpp  MMeennuu 44..1111..  SSmmiimmee  MMeennuu 44..1122..  MMiixxmmaasstteerr  MMeennuu 44..1133..  EEddiittoorr  MMeennuu 1. Command-Line Options Running mutt with no arguments will make Mutt attempt to read your spool mailbox. However, it is possible to read other mailboxes and to send messages from the command line as well. _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._1_._ _C_o_m_m_a_n_d_ _l_i_n_e_ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s Option Description -A expand an alias -a attach a file to a message -b specify a blind carbon-copy (BCC) address -c specify a carbon-copy (Cc) address -D print the value of all Mutt variables to stdout -e specify a config command to be run after initialization files are read -f specify a mailbox to load -F specify an alternate file to read initialization commands -h print help on command line options -H specify a draft file from which to read a header and body -i specify a file to include in a message composition -m specify a default mailbox type -n do not read the system Muttrc -p recall a postponed message -Q query a configuration variable -R open mailbox in read-only mode -s specify a subject (enclose in quotes if it contains spaces) -v show version number and compile-time definitions -x simulate the mailx(1) compose mode -y show a menu containing the files specified by the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x_e_s command -z exit immediately if there are no messages in the mailbox -Z open the first folder with new message, exit immediately if none To read messages in a mailbox mutt [-nz] [-F _m_u_t_t_r_c ] [-m _t_y_p_e ] [-f _m_a_i_l_b_o_x ] To compose a new message mutt [-n] [-F _m_u_t_t_r_c ] [-c _a_d_d_r_e_s_s ] [-i _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e ] [-s _s_u_b_j_e_c_t ] [ -a _f_i_l_e [...] -- ] _a_d_d_r_e_s_s | _m_a_i_l_t_o___u_r_l ... Mutt also supports a "batch" mode to send prepared messages. Simply redirect input from the file you wish to send. For example, mutt -s "data set for run #2" professor@bigschool.edu < ~/run2.dat will send a message to <professor@bigschool.edu> with a subject of "data set for run #2". In the body of the message will be the contents of the file "~/run2.dat". All files passed with -a _f_i_l_e will be attached as a MIME part to the message. To attach a single or several files, use "--" to separate files and recipient addresses: mutt -a image.png -- some@one.org or mutt -a *.png -- some@one.org Note The -a option must be last in the option list. In addition to accepting a list of email addresses, Mutt also accepts a URL with the mailto: schema as specified in RFC2368. This is useful when configuring a web browser to launch Mutt when clicking on mailto links. mutt mailto:some@one.org?subject=test&cc=other@one.org 2. Configuration Commands The following are the commands understood by Mutt: * aaccccoouunntt--hhooookk _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _c_o_m_m_a_n_d * aalliiaass [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] _k_e_y _a_d_d_r_e_s_s [ _a_d_d_r_e_s_s ...] uunnaalliiaass [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] { _* | _k_e_y ... } * aalltteerrnnaatteess [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] _r_e_g_e_x_p [ _r_e_g_e_x_p ...] uunnaalltteerrnnaatteess [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] { _* | _r_e_g_e_x_p ... } * aalltteerrnnaattiivvee--oorrddeerr _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e [ _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e ...] uunnaalltteerrnnaattiivvee--oorrddeerr { _* | _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e ... } * aattttaacchhmmeennttss _{_ _+_ _|_ _-_ _}_d_i_s_p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n _m_i_m_e_-_t_y_p_e uunnaattttaacchhmmeennttss _{_ _+_ _|_ _-_ _}_d_i_s_p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n _m_i_m_e_-_t_y_p_e * aauuttoo__vviieeww _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e [ _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e ...] uunnaauuttoo__vviieeww { _* | _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e ... } * bbiinndd _m_a_p _k_e_y _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n * cchhaarrsseett--hhooookk _a_l_i_a_s _c_h_a_r_s_e_t * iiccoonnvv--hhooookk _c_h_a_r_s_e_t _l_o_c_a_l_-_c_h_a_r_s_e_t * ccoolloorr _o_b_j_e_c_t _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d ccoolloorr { header | body } _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d _r_e_g_e_x_p ccoolloorr index _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d _p_a_t_t_e_r_n uunnccoolloorr { index | header | body } { _* | _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ... } * ccrryypptt--hhooookk _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _k_e_y_i_d * eexxeecc _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n [ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n ...] * ffcccc--hhooookk _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _m_a_i_l_b_o_x * ffcccc--ssaavvee--hhooookk _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _m_a_i_l_b_o_x * ffoollddeerr--hhooookk _[_!_]_r_e_g_e_x_p _c_o_m_m_a_n_d * ggrroouupp [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] { -rx _e_x_p_r ... | -addr _e_x_p_r ... } uunnggrroouupp [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] { _* | -rx _e_x_p_r ... | -addr _e_x_p_r ... } * hhddrr__oorrddeerr _h_e_a_d_e_r [ _h_e_a_d_e_r ...] uunnhhddrr__oorrddeerr { _* | _h_e_a_d_e_r ... } * iiggnnoorree _p_a_t_t_e_r_n [ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ...] uunniiggnnoorree { _* | _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ... } * lliissttss [ -group _n_a_m_e ] _r_e_g_e_x_p [ _r_e_g_e_x_p ...] uunnlliissttss [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] { _* | _r_e_g_e_x_p ... } * mmaaccrroo _m_e_n_u _k_e_y _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e [ _d_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n ] * mmaaiillbbooxxeess _m_a_i_l_b_o_x [ _m_a_i_l_b_o_x ...] uunnmmaaiillbbooxxeess { _* | _m_a_i_l_b_o_x ... } * mmbbooxx--hhooookk _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _m_a_i_l_b_o_x * mmeessssaaggee--hhooookk _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _c_o_m_m_a_n_d * mmiimmee--llooookkuupp _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e [ _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e ...] uunnmmiimmee--llooookkuupp { _* | _m_i_m_e_t_y_p_e ... } * mmoonnoo _o_b_j_e_c_t _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e mmoonnoo { header | body } _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e _r_e_g_e_x_p mmoonnoo index _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e _p_a_t_t_e_r_n uunnmmoonnoo { index | header | body } { _* | _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ... } * mmyy__hhddrr _s_t_r_i_n_g uunnmmyy__hhddrr { _* | _f_i_e_l_d ... } * ppuusshh _s_t_r_i_n_g * ssaavvee--hhooookk _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _m_a_i_l_b_o_x * ssccoorree _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _v_a_l_u_e uunnssccoorree { _* | _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ... } * rreeppllyy--hhooookk _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _c_o_m_m_a_n_d * sseenndd--hhooookk _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _c_o_m_m_a_n_d * sseenndd22--hhooookk _[_!_]_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _c_o_m_m_a_n_d * sseett { [ no | inv ] _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e | _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_=_v_a_l_u_e } [...] ttooggggllee _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e ...] uunnsseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e ...] rreesseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e ...] * ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e * ssppaamm _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _f_o_r_m_a_t nnoossppaamm { _* | _p_a_t_t_e_r_n } * ssuubbssccrriibbee [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] _r_e_g_e_x_p [ _r_e_g_e_x_p ...] uunnssuubbssccrriibbee [ -group _n_a_m_e ...] { _* | _r_e_g_e_x_p ... } * uunnhhooookk { _* | _h_o_o_k_-_t_y_p_e } 3. Configuration Variables 3.1. abort_nosubject Type: quadoption Default: ask-yes If set to _y_e_s, when composing messages and no subject is given at the subject prompt, composition will be aborted. If set to _n_o, composing messages with no subject given at the subject prompt will never be aborted. 3.2. abort_unmodified Type: quadoption Default: yes If set to _y_e_s, composition will automatically abort after editing the message body if no changes are made to the file (this check only happens after the _f_i_r_s_t edit of the file). When set to _n_o, composition will never be aborted. 3.3. alias_file Type: path Default: "~/.muttrc" The default file in which to save aliases created by the <<ccrreeaattee--aalliiaass>> function. Entries added to this file are encoded in the character set specified by $$ccoonnffiigg__cchhaarrsseett if it is _s_e_t or the current character set otherwise. _N_o_t_e_: Mutt will not automatically source this file; you must explicitly use the "ssoouurrccee" command for it to be executed in case this option points to a dedicated alias file. The default for this option is the currently used muttrc file, or "~/.muttrc" if no user muttrc was found. 3.4. alias_format Type: string Default: "%4n %2f %t %-10a %r" Specifies the format of the data displayed for the "aalliiaass" menu. The following printf(3)-style sequences are available: %a alias name %f flags - currently, a "d" for an alias marked for deletion %n index number %r address which alias expands to %t character which indicates if the alias is tagged for inclusion 3.5. allow_8bit Type: boolean Default: yes Controls whether 8-bit data is converted to 7-bit using either Quoted- Printable or Base64 encoding when sending mail. 3.6. allow_ansi Type: boolean Default: no Controls whether ANSI color codes in messages (and color tags in rich text messages) are to be interpreted. Messages containing these codes are rare, but if this option is _s_e_t, their text will be colored accordingly. Note that this may override your color choices, and even present a security problem, since a message could include a line like [-- PGP output follows ... and give it the same color as your attachment color (see also $$ccrryypptt__ttiimmeessttaammpp). 3.7. arrow_cursor Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, an arrow ("->") will be used to indicate the current entry in menus instead of highlighting the whole line. On slow network or modem links this will make response faster because there is less that has to be redrawn on the screen when moving to the next or previous entries in the menu. 3.8. ascii_chars Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, Mutt will use plain ASCII characters when displaying thread and attachment trees, instead of the default _A_C_S characters. 3.9. askbcc Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, Mutt will prompt you for blind-carbon-copy (Bcc) recipients before editing an outgoing message. 3.10. askcc Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, Mutt will prompt you for carbon-copy (Cc) recipients before editing the body of an outgoing message. 3.11. assumed_charset Type: string Default: (empty) This variable is a colon-separated list of character encoding schemes for messages without character encoding indication. Header field values and message body content without character encoding indication would be assumed that they are written in one of this list. By default, all the header fields and message body without any charset indication are assumed to be in "us-ascii". For example, Japanese users might prefer this: set assumed_charset="iso-2022-jp:euc-jp:shift_jis:utf-8" However, only the first content is valid for the message body. 3.12. attach_charset Type: string Default: (empty) This variable is a colon-separated list of character encoding schemes for text file attachments. Mutt uses this setting to guess which encoding files being attached are encoded in to convert them to a proper character set given in $$sseenndd__cchhaarrsseett. If _u_n_s_e_t, the value of $$cchhaarrsseett will be used instead. For example, the following configuration would work for Japanese text handling: set attach_charset="iso-2022-jp:euc-jp:shift_jis:utf-8" Note: for Japanese users, "iso-2022-*" must be put at the head of the value as shown above if included. 3.13. attach_format Type: string Default: "%u%D%I %t%4n %T%.40d%> [%.7m/%.10M, %.6e%?C?, %C?, %s] " This variable describes the format of the "attachment" menu. The following printf(3)-style sequences are understood: %C charset %c requires charset conversion ("n" or "c") %D deleted flag %d description %e MIME content-transfer-encoding %f filename %I disposition ("I" for inline, "A" for attachment) %m major MIME type %M MIME subtype %n attachment number %Q "Q", if MIME part qualifies for attachment counting %s size %t tagged flag %T graphic tree characters %u unlink (=to delete) flag %X number of qualifying MIME parts in this part and its children (please see the "aattttaacchhmmeennttss" section for possible speed effects) %>X right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X" %|X pad to the end of the line with character "X" %*X soft-fill with character "X" as pad For an explanation of "soft-fill", see the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt documentation. 3.14. attach_sep Type: string Default: "\n" The separator to add between attachments when operating (saving, printing, piping, etc) on a list of tagged attachments. 3.15. attach_split Type: boolean Default: yes If this variable is _u_n_s_e_t, when operating (saving, printing, piping, etc) on a list of tagged attachments, Mutt will concatenate the attachments and will operate on them as a single attachment. The $$aattttaacchh__sseepp separator is added after each attachment. When _s_e_t, Mutt will operate on the attachments one by one. 3.16. attribution Type: string Default: "On %d, %n wrote:" This is the string that will precede a message which has been included in a reply. For a full listing of defined printf(3)-like sequences see the section on $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt. 3.17. auto_tag Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, functions in the _i_n_d_e_x menu which affect a message will be applied to all tagged messages (if there are any). When unset, you must first use the <tag-prefix> function (bound to ";" by default) to make the next function apply to all tagged messages. 3.18. autoedit Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t along with $$eeddiitt__hheeaaddeerrss, Mutt will skip the initial send-menu (prompting for subject and recipients) and allow you to immediately begin editing the body of your message. The send-menu may still be accessed once you have finished editing the body of your message. _N_o_t_e_: when this option is _s_e_t, you cannot use send-hooks that depend on the recipients when composing a new (non-reply) message, as the initial list of recipients is empty. Also see $$ffaasstt__rreeppllyy. 3.19. beep Type: boolean Default: yes When this variable is _s_e_t, mutt will beep when an error occurs. 3.20. beep_new Type: boolean Default: no When this variable is _s_e_t, mutt will beep whenever it prints a message notifying you of new mail. This is independent of the setting of the $$bbeeeepp variable. 3.21. bounce Type: quadoption Default: ask-yes Controls whether you will be asked to confirm bouncing messages. If set to _y_e_s you don't get asked if you want to bounce a message. Setting this variable to _n_o is not generally useful, and thus not recommended, because you are unable to bounce messages. 3.22. bounce_delivered Type: boolean Default: yes When this variable is _s_e_t, mutt will include Delivered-To headers when bouncing messages. Postfix users may wish to _u_n_s_e_t this variable. 3.23. braille_friendly Type: boolean Default: no When this variable is _s_e_t, mutt will place the cursor at the beginning of the current line in menus, even when the $$aarrrrooww__ccuurrssoorr variable is _u_n_s_e_t, making it easier for blind persons using Braille displays to follow these menus. The option is _u_n_s_e_t by default because many visual terminals don't permit making the cursor invisible. 3.24. certificate_file Type: path Default: "~/.mutt_certificates" This variable specifies the file where the certificates you trust are saved. When an unknown certificate is encountered, you are asked if you accept it or not. If you accept it, the certificate can also be saved in this file and further connections are automatically accepted. You can also manually add CA certificates in this file. Any server certificate that is signed with one of these CA certificates is also automatically accepted. Example: set certificate_file=~/.mutt/certificates 3.25. charset Type: string Default: (empty) Character set your terminal uses to display and enter textual data. It is also the fallback for $$sseenndd__cchhaarrsseett. Upon startup Mutt tries to derive this value from environment variables such as $LC_CTYPE or $LANG. _N_o_t_e_: It should only be set in case Mutt isn't able to determine the character set used correctly. 3.26. check_mbox_size Type: boolean Default: no When this variable is _s_e_t, mutt will use file size attribute instead of access time when checking for new mail in mbox and mmdf folders. This variable is _u_n_s_e_t by default and should only be enabled when new mail detection for these folder types is unreliable or doesn't work. Note that enabling this variable should happen before any "mmaaiillbbooxxeess" directives occur in configuration files regarding mbox or mmdf folders because mutt needs to determine the initial new mail status of such a mailbox by performing a fast mailbox scan when it is defined. Afterwards the new mail status is tracked by file size changes. 3.27. check_new Type: boolean Default: yes _N_o_t_e_: this option only affects _m_a_i_l_d_i_r and _M_H style mailboxes. When _s_e_t, Mutt will check for new mail delivered while the mailbox is open. Especially with MH mailboxes, this operation can take quite some time since it involves scanning the directory and checking each file to see if it has already been looked at. If this variable is _u_n_s_e_t, no check for new mail is performed while the mailbox is open. 3.28. collapse_unread Type: boolean Default: yes When _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will not collapse a thread if it contains any unread messages. 3.29. compose_format Type: string Default: "-- Mutt: Compose [Approx. msg size: %l Atts: %a]%>-" Controls the format of the status line displayed in the "compose" menu. This string is similar to $$ssttaattuuss__ffoorrmmaatt, but has its own set of printf(3)-like sequences: %a total number of attachments %h local hostname %l approximate size (in bytes) of the current message %v Mutt version string See the text describing the $$ssttaattuuss__ffoorrmmaatt option for more information on how to set $$ccoommppoossee__ffoorrmmaatt. 3.30. config_charset Type: string Default: (empty) When defined, Mutt will recode commands in rc files from this encoding to the current character set as specified by $$cchhaarrsseett and aliases written to $$aalliiaass__ffiillee from the current character set. Please note that if setting $$cchhaarrsseett it must be done before setting $$ccoonnffiigg__cchhaarrsseett. Recoding should be avoided as it may render unconvertable characters as question marks which can lead to undesired side effects (for example in regular expressions). 3.31. confirmappend Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, Mutt will prompt for confirmation when appending messages to an existing mailbox. 3.32. confirmcreate Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, Mutt will prompt for confirmation when saving messages to a mailbox which does not yet exist before creating it. 3.33. connect_timeout Type: number Default: 30 Causes Mutt to timeout a network connection (for IMAP, POP or SMTP) after this many seconds if the connection is not able to be established. A negative value causes Mutt to wait indefinitely for the connection attempt to succeed. 3.34. content_type Type: string Default: "text/plain" Sets the default Content-Type for the body of newly composed messages. 3.35. copy Type: quadoption Default: yes This variable controls whether or not copies of your outgoing messages will be saved for later references. Also see $$rreeccoorrdd, $$ssaavvee__nnaammee, $$ffoorrccee__nnaammee and "ffcccc--hhooookk". 3.36. crypt_autoencrypt Type: boolean Default: no Setting this variable will cause Mutt to always attempt to PGP encrypt outgoing messages. This is probably only useful in connection to the "sseenndd--hhooookk" command. It can be overridden by use of the pgp menu, when encryption is not required or signing is requested as well. If $$ssmmiimmee__iiss__ddeeffaauulltt is _s_e_t, then OpenSSL is used instead to create S/MIME messages and settings can be overridden by use of the smime menu instead. (Crypto only) 3.37. crypt_autopgp Type: boolean Default: yes This variable controls whether or not mutt may automatically enable PGP encryption/signing for messages. See also $$ccrryypptt__aauuttooeennccrryypptt, $$ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyeennccrryypptt, $$ccrryypptt__aauuttoossiiggnn, $$ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyssiiggnn and $$ssmmiimmee__iiss__ddeeffaauulltt. 3.38. crypt_autosign Type: boolean Default: no Setting this variable will cause Mutt to always attempt to cryptographically sign outgoing messages. This can be overridden by use of the pgp menu, when signing is not required or encryption is requested as well. If $$ssmmiimmee__iiss__ddeeffaauulltt is _s_e_t, then OpenSSL is used instead to create S/MIME messages and settings can be overridden by use of the smime menu instead of the pgp menu. (Crypto only) 3.39. crypt_autosmime Type: boolean Default: yes This variable controls whether or not mutt may automatically enable S/MIME encryption/signing for messages. See also $$ccrryypptt__aauuttooeennccrryypptt, $$ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyeennccrryypptt, $$ccrryypptt__aauuttoossiiggnn, $$ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyssiiggnn and $$ssmmiimmee__iiss__ddeeffaauulltt. 3.40. crypt_replyencrypt Type: boolean Default: yes If _s_e_t, automatically PGP or OpenSSL encrypt replies to messages which are encrypted. (Crypto only) 3.41. crypt_replysign Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, automatically PGP or OpenSSL sign replies to messages which are signed. _N_o_t_e_: this does not work on messages that are encrypted _a_n_d signed! (Crypto only) 3.42. crypt_replysignencrypted Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, automatically PGP or OpenSSL sign replies to messages which are encrypted. This makes sense in combination with $$ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyeennccrryypptt, because it allows you to sign all messages which are automatically encrypted. This works around the problem noted in $$ccrryypptt__rreeppllyyssiiggnn, that mutt is not able to find out whether an encrypted message is also signed. (Crypto only) 3.43. crypt_timestamp Type: boolean Default: yes If _s_e_t, mutt will include a time stamp in the lines surrounding PGP or S/MIME output, so spoofing such lines is more difficult. If you are using colors to mark these lines, and rely on these, you may _u_n_s_e_t this setting. (Crypto only) 3.44. crypt_use_gpgme Type: boolean Default: no This variable controls the use of the GPGME-enabled crypto backends. If it is _s_e_t and Mutt was built with gpgme support, the gpgme code for S/MIME and PGP will be used instead of the classic code. Note that you need to set this option in .muttrc; it won't have any effect when used interactively. 3.45. crypt_use_pka Type: boolean Default: no Controls whether mutt uses PKA (see http://www.g10code.de/docs/pka-intro.de.pdf) during signature verification (only supported by the GPGME backend). 3.46. crypt_verify_sig Type: quadoption Default: yes If _"_y_e_s_", always attempt to verify PGP or S/MIME signatures. If _"_a_s_k_-_*_", ask whether or not to verify the signature. If _"_n_o_", never attempt to verify cryptographic signatures. (Crypto only) 3.47. date_format Type: string Default: "!%a, %b %d, %Y at %I:%M:%S%p %Z" This variable controls the format of the date printed by the "%d" sequence in $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt. This is passed to the strftime(3) function to process the date, see the man page for the proper syntax. Unless the first character in the string is a bang ("!"), the month and week day names are expanded according to the locale specified in the variable $$llooccaallee. If the first character in the string is a bang, the bang is discarded, and the month and week day names in the rest of the string are expanded in the _C locale (that is in US English). 3.48. default_hook Type: string Default: "~f %s !~P | (~P ~C %s)" This variable controls how "mmeessssaaggee--hhooookk", "rreeppllyy--hhooookk", "sseenndd--hhooookk", "sseenndd22--hhooookk", "ssaavvee--hhooookk", and "ffcccc--hhooookk" will be interpreted if they are specified with only a simple regexp, instead of a matching pattern. The hooks are expanded when they are declared, so a hook will be interpreted according to the value of this variable at the time the hook is declared. The default value matches if the message is either from a user matching the regular expression given, or if it is from you (if the from address matches "aalltteerrnnaatteess") and is to or cc'ed to a user matching the given regular expression. 3.49. delete Type: quadoption Default: ask-yes Controls whether or not messages are really deleted when closing or synchronizing a mailbox. If set to _y_e_s, messages marked for deleting will automatically be purged without prompting. If set to _n_o, messages marked for deletion will be kept in the mailbox. 3.50. delete_untag Type: boolean Default: yes If this option is _s_e_t, mutt will untag messages when marking them for deletion. This applies when you either explicitly delete a message, or when you save it to another folder. 3.51. digest_collapse Type: boolean Default: yes If this option is _s_e_t, mutt's received-attachments menu will not show the subparts of individual messages in a multipart/digest. To see these subparts, press "v" on that menu. 3.52. display_filter Type: path Default: (empty) When set, specifies a command used to filter messages. When a message is viewed it is passed as standard input to $$ddiissppllaayy__ffiilltteerr, and the filtered message is read from the standard output. 3.53. dsn_notify Type: string Default: (empty) This variable sets the request for when notification is returned. The string consists of a comma separated list (no spaces!) of one or more of the following: _n_e_v_e_r, to never request notification, _f_a_i_l_u_r_e, to request notification on transmission failure, _d_e_l_a_y, to be notified of message delays, _s_u_c_c_e_s_s, to be notified of successful transmission. Example: set dsn_notify="failure,delay" _N_o_t_e_: when using $$sseennddmmaaiill for delivery, you should not enable this unless you are either using Sendmail 8.8.x or greater or a MTA providing a sendmail(1)-compatible interface supporting the -N option for DSN. For SMTP delivery, DSN support is auto-detected so that it depends on the server whether DSN will be used or not. 3.54. dsn_return Type: string Default: (empty) This variable controls how much of your message is returned in DSN messages. It may be set to either _h_d_r_s to return just the message header, or _f_u_l_l to return the full message. Example: set dsn_return=hdrs _N_o_t_e_: when using $$sseennddmmaaiill for delivery, you should not enable this unless you are either using Sendmail 8.8.x or greater or a MTA providing a sendmail(1)-compatible interface supporting the -R option for DSN. For SMTP delivery, DSN support is auto-detected so that it depends on the server whether DSN will be used or not. 3.55. duplicate_threads Type: boolean Default: yes This variable controls whether mutt, when $$ssoorrtt is set to _t_h_r_e_a_d_s, threads messages with the same Message-Id together. If it is _s_e_t, it will indicate that it thinks they are duplicates of each other with an equals sign in the thread tree. 3.56. edit_headers Type: boolean Default: no This option allows you to edit the header of your outgoing messages along with the body of your message. _N_o_t_e that changes made to the References: and Date: headers are ignored for interoperability reasons. 3.57. editor Type: path Default: (empty) This variable specifies which editor is used by mutt. It defaults to the value of the $VISUAL, or $EDITOR, environment variable, or to the string "vi" if neither of those are set. 3.58. encode_from Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, mutt will quoted-printable encode messages when they contain the string "From " (note the trailing space) in the beginning of a line. This is useful to avoid the tampering certain mail delivery and transport agents tend to do with messages (in order to prevent tools from misinterpreting the line as a mbox message separator). 3.59. envelope_from_address Type: e-mail address Default: (empty) Manually sets the _e_n_v_e_l_o_p_e sender for outgoing messages. This value is ignored if $$uussee__eennvveellooppee__ffrroomm is _u_n_s_e_t. 3.60. escape Type: string Default: "~" Escape character to use for functions in the built-in editor. 3.61. fast_reply Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, the initial prompt for recipients and subject are skipped when replying to messages, and the initial prompt for subject is skipped when forwarding messages. _N_o_t_e_: this variable has no effect when the $$aauuttooeeddiitt variable is _s_e_t. 3.62. fcc_attach Type: quadoption Default: yes This variable controls whether or not attachments on outgoing messages are saved along with the main body of your message. 3.63. fcc_clear Type: boolean Default: no When this variable is _s_e_t, FCCs will be stored unencrypted and unsigned, even when the actual message is encrypted and/or signed. (PGP only) 3.64. folder Type: path Default: "~/Mail" Specifies the default location of your mailboxes. A "+" or "=" at the beginning of a pathname will be expanded to the value of this variable. Note that if you change this variable (from the default) value you need to make sure that the assignment occurs _b_e_f_o_r_e you use "+" or "=" for any other variables since expansion takes place when handling the "mmaaiillbbooxxeess" command. 3.65. folder_format Type: string Default: "%2C %t %N %F %2l %-8.8u %-8.8g %8s %d %f" This variable allows you to customize the file browser display to your personal taste. This string is similar to $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt, but has its own set of printf(3)-like sequences: %C current file number %d date/time folder was last modified %D date/time folder was last modified using $$ddaattee__ffoorrmmaatt. %f filename ("/" is appended to directory names, "@" to symbolic links and "*" to executable files) %F file permissions %g group name (or numeric gid, if missing) %l number of hard links %N N if folder has new mail, blank otherwise %s size in bytes %t "*" if the file is tagged, blank otherwise %u owner name (or numeric uid, if missing) %>X right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X" %|X pad to the end of the line with character "X" %*X soft-fill with character "X" as pad For an explanation of "soft-fill", see the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt documentation. 3.66. followup_to Type: boolean Default: yes Controls whether or not the "Mail-Followup-To:" header field is generated when sending mail. When _s_e_t, Mutt will generate this field when you are replying to a known mailing list, specified with the "ssuubbssccrriibbee" or "lliissttss" commands. This field has two purposes. First, preventing you from receiving duplicate copies of replies to messages which you send to mailing lists, and second, ensuring that you do get a reply separately for any messages sent to known lists to which you are not subscribed. The header will contain only the list's address for subscribed lists, and both the list address and your own email address for unsubscribed lists. Without this header, a group reply to your message sent to a subscribed list will be sent to both the list and your address, resulting in two copies of the same email for you. 3.67. force_name Type: boolean Default: no This variable is similar to $$ssaavvee__nnaammee, except that Mutt will store a copy of your outgoing message by the username of the address you are sending to even if that mailbox does not exist. Also see the $$rreeccoorrdd variable. 3.68. forward_decode Type: boolean Default: yes Controls the decoding of complex MIME messages into text/plain when forwarding a message. The message header is also RFC2047 decoded. This variable is only used, if $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd is _u_n_s_e_t, otherwise $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccooddee is used instead. 3.69. forward_decrypt Type: boolean Default: yes Controls the handling of encrypted messages when forwarding a message. When _s_e_t, the outer layer of encryption is stripped off. This variable is only used if $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd is _s_e_t and $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccooddee is _u_n_s_e_t. (PGP only) 3.70. forward_edit Type: quadoption Default: yes This quadoption controls whether or not the user is automatically placed in the editor when forwarding messages. For those who always want to forward with no modification, use a setting of "no". 3.71. forward_format Type: string Default: "[%a: %s]" This variable controls the default subject when forwarding a message. It uses the same format sequences as the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt variable. 3.72. forward_quote Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, forwarded messages included in the main body of the message (when $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd is _u_n_s_e_t) will be quoted using $$iinnddeenntt__ssttrriinngg. 3.73. from Type: e-mail address Default: (empty) When _s_e_t, this variable contains a default from address. It can be overridden using "mmyy__hhddrr" (including from a "sseenndd--hhooookk") and $$rreevveerrssee__nnaammee. This variable is ignored if $$uussee__ffrroomm is _u_n_s_e_t. This setting defaults to the contents of the environment variable $EMAIL. 3.74. gecos_mask Type: regular expression Default: "^[^,]*" A regular expression used by mutt to parse the GECOS field of a password entry when expanding the alias. The default value will return the string up to the first "," encountered. If the GECOS field contains a string like "lastname, firstname" then you should set it to ".*". This can be useful if you see the following behavior: you address an e-mail to user ID "stevef" whose full name is "Steve Franklin". If mutt expands "stevef" to ""Franklin" stevef@foo.bar" then you should set the $$ggeeccooss__mmaasskk to a regular expression that will match the whole name so mutt will expand "Franklin" to "Franklin, Steve". 3.75. hdrs Type: boolean Default: yes When _u_n_s_e_t, the header fields normally added by the "mmyy__hhddrr" command are not created. This variable _m_u_s_t be unset before composing a new message or replying in order to take effect. If _s_e_t, the user defined header fields are added to every new message. 3.76. header Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, this variable causes Mutt to include the header of the message you are replying to into the edit buffer. The $$wweeeedd setting applies. 3.77. header_cache Type: path Default: (empty) This variable points to the header cache database. If pointing to a directory Mutt will contain a header cache database file per folder, if pointing to a file that file will be a single global header cache. By default it is _u_n_s_e_t so no header caching will be used. Header caching can greatly improve speed when opening POP, IMAP MH or Maildir folders, see "ccaacchhiinngg" for details. 3.78. header_cache_compress Type: boolean Default: yes When mutt is compiled with qdbm or tokyocabinet as header cache backend, this option determines whether the database will be compressed. Compression results in database files roughly being one fifth of the usual diskspace, but the decompression can result in a slower opening of cached folder(s) which in general is still much faster than opening non header cached folders. 3.79. help Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, help lines describing the bindings for the major functions provided by each menu are displayed on the first line of the screen. _N_o_t_e_: The binding will not be displayed correctly if the function is bound to a sequence rather than a single keystroke. Also, the help line may not be updated if a binding is changed while Mutt is running. Since this variable is primarily aimed at new users, neither of these should present a major problem. 3.80. hidden_host Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, mutt will skip the host name part of $$hhoossttnnaammee variable when adding the domain part to addresses. This variable does not affect the generation of Message-IDs, and it will not lead to the cut-off of first-level domains. 3.81. hide_limited Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, mutt will not show the presence of messages that are hidden by limiting, in the thread tree. 3.82. hide_missing Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, mutt will not show the presence of missing messages in the thread tree. 3.83. hide_thread_subject Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, mutt will not show the subject of messages in the thread tree that have the same subject as their parent or closest previously displayed sibling. 3.84. hide_top_limited Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, mutt will not show the presence of messages that are hidden by limiting, at the top of threads in the thread tree. Note that when $$hhiiddee__lliimmiitteedd is _s_e_t, this option will have no effect. 3.85. hide_top_missing Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, mutt will not show the presence of missing messages at the top of threads in the thread tree. Note that when $$hhiiddee__mmiissssiinngg is _s_e_t, this option will have no effect. 3.86. history Type: number Default: 10 This variable controls the size (in number of strings remembered) of the string history buffer per category. The buffer is cleared each time the variable is set. 3.87. history_file Type: path Default: "~/.mutthistory" The file in which Mutt will save its history. 3.88. honor_disposition Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, Mutt will not display attachments with a disposition of "attachment" inline even if it could render the part to plain text. These MIME parts can only be viewed from the attachment menu. If _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will render all MIME parts it can properly transform to plain text. 3.89. honor_followup_to Type: quadoption Default: yes This variable controls whether or not a Mail-Followup-To header is honored when group-replying to a message. 3.90. hostname Type: string Default: (empty) Specifies the fully-qualified hostname of the system mutt is running on containing the host's name and the DNS domain it belongs to. It is used as the domain part (after "@") for local email addresses as well as Message-Id headers. Its value is determined at startup as follows: If the node's name as returned by the uname(3) function contains the hostname and the domain, these are used to construct $$hhoossttnnaammee. If there is no domain part returned, Mutt will look for a "domain" or "search" line in /etc/resolv.conf to determine the domain. Optionally, Mutt can be compiled with a fixed domain name in which case a detected one is not used. Also see $$uussee__ddoommaaiinn and $$hhiiddddeenn__hhoosstt. 3.91. ignore_linear_white_space Type: boolean Default: no This option replaces linear-white-space between encoded-word and text to a single space to prevent the display of MIME-encoded "Subject:" field from being divided into multiple lines. 3.92. ignore_list_reply_to Type: boolean Default: no Affects the behavior of the <reply> function when replying to messages from mailing lists (as defined by the "ssuubbssccrriibbee" or "lliissttss" commands). When _s_e_t, if the "Reply-To:" field is set to the same value as the "To:" field, Mutt assumes that the "Reply-To:" field was set by the mailing list to automate responses to the list, and will ignore this field. To direct a response to the mailing list when this option is _s_e_t, use the <<lliisstt--rreeppllyy>> function; <group-reply> will reply to both the sender and the list. 3.93. imap_authenticators Type: string Default: (empty) This is a colon-delimited list of authentication methods mutt may attempt to use to log in to an IMAP server, in the order mutt should try them. Authentication methods are either "login" or the right side of an IMAP "AUTH=xxx" capability string, e.g. "digest-md5", "gssapi" or "cram-md5". This option is case-insensitive. If it's _u_n_s_e_t (the default) mutt will try all available methods, in order from most-secure to least-secure. Example: set imap_authenticators="gssapi:cram-md5:login" _N_o_t_e_: Mutt will only fall back to other authentication methods if the previous methods are unavailable. If a method is available but authentication fails, mutt will not connect to the IMAP server. 3.94. imap_check_subscribed Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, mutt will fetch the set of subscribed folders from your server on connection, and add them to the set of mailboxes it polls for new mail just as if you had issued individual "mmaaiillbbooxxeess" commands. 3.95. imap_delim_chars Type: string Default: "/." This contains the list of characters which you would like to treat as folder separators for displaying IMAP paths. In particular it helps in using the "=" shortcut for your _f_o_l_d_e_r variable. 3.96. imap_headers Type: string Default: (empty) Mutt requests these header fields in addition to the default headers ("Date:", "From:", "Subject:", "To:", "Cc:", "Message-Id:", "References:", "Content-Type:", "Content-Description:", "In-Reply-To:", "Reply-To:", "Lines:", "List-Post:", "X-Label:") from IMAP servers before displaying the index menu. You may want to add more headers for spam detection. _N_o_t_e_: This is a space separated list, items should be uppercase and not contain the colon, e.g. "X-BOGOSITY X-SPAM-STATUS" for the "X-Bogosity:" and "X-Spam-Status:" header fields. 3.97. imap_idle Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, mutt will attempt to use the IMAP IDLE extension to check for new mail in the current mailbox. Some servers (dovecot was the inspiration for this option) react badly to mutt's implementation. If your connection seems to freeze up periodically, try unsetting this. 3.98. imap_keepalive Type: number Default: 900 This variable specifies the maximum amount of time in seconds that mutt will wait before polling open IMAP connections, to prevent the server from closing them before mutt has finished with them. The default is well within the RFC-specified minimum amount of time (30 minutes) before a server is allowed to do this, but in practice the RFC does get violated every now and then. Reduce this number if you find yourself getting disconnected from your IMAP server due to inactivity. 3.99. imap_list_subscribed Type: boolean Default: no This variable configures whether IMAP folder browsing will look for only subscribed folders or all folders. This can be toggled in the IMAP browser with the <toggle-subscribed> function. 3.100. imap_login Type: string Default: (empty) Your login name on the IMAP server. This variable defaults to the value of $$iimmaapp__uusseerr. 3.101. imap_pass Type: string Default: (empty) Specifies the password for your IMAP account. If _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will prompt you for your password when you invoke the <imap-fetch-mail> function or try to open an IMAP folder. _W_a_r_n_i_n_g: you should only use this option when you are on a fairly secure machine, because the superuser can read your muttrc even if you are the only one who can read the file. 3.102. imap_passive Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, mutt will not open new IMAP connections to check for new mail. Mutt will only check for new mail over existing IMAP connections. This is useful if you don't want to be prompted to user/password pairs on mutt invocation, or if opening the connection is slow. 3.103. imap_peek Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, mutt will avoid implicitly marking your mail as read whenever you fetch a message from the server. This is generally a good thing, but can make closing an IMAP folder somewhat slower. This option exists to appease speed freaks. 3.104. imap_pipeline_depth Type: number Default: 15 Controls the number of IMAP commands that may be queued up before they are sent to the server. A deeper pipeline reduces the amount of time mutt must wait for the server, and can make IMAP servers feel much more responsive. But not all servers correctly handle pipelined commands, so if you have problems you might want to try setting this variable to 0. _N_o_t_e_: Changes to this variable have no effect on open connections. 3.105. imap_servernoise Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, mutt will display warning messages from the IMAP server as error messages. Since these messages are often harmless, or generated due to configuration problems on the server which are out of the users' hands, you may wish to suppress them at some point. 3.106. imap_user Type: string Default: (empty) The name of the user whose mail you intend to access on the IMAP server. This variable defaults to your user name on the local machine. 3.107. implicit_autoview Type: boolean Default: no If set to "yes", mutt will look for a mailcap entry with the "copiousoutput" flag set for _e_v_e_r_y MIME attachment it doesn't have an internal viewer defined for. If such an entry is found, mutt will use the viewer defined in that entry to convert the body part to text form. 3.108. include Type: quadoption Default: ask-yes Controls whether or not a copy of the message(s) you are replying to is included in your reply. 3.109. include_onlyfirst Type: boolean Default: no Controls whether or not Mutt includes only the first attachment of the message you are replying. 3.110. indent_string Type: string Default: "> " Specifies the string to prepend to each line of text quoted in a message to which you are replying. You are strongly encouraged not to change this value, as it tends to agitate the more fanatical netizens. The value of this option is ignored if $$tteexxtt__fflloowweedd is set, too because the quoting mechanism is strictly defined for format=flowed. This option is a format string, please see the description of $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt for supported printf(3)-style sequences. 3.111. index_format Type: string Default: "%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15L (%?l?%4l&%4c?) %s" This variable allows you to customize the message index display to your personal taste. "Format strings" are similar to the strings used in the C function printf(3) to format output (see the man page for more details). The following sequences are defined in Mutt: %a address of the author %A reply-to address (if present; otherwise: address of author) %b filename of the original message folder (think mailbox) %B the list to which the letter was sent, or else the folder name (%b). %c number of characters (bytes) in the message %C current message number %d date and time of the message in the format specified by $$ddaattee__ffoorrmmaatt converted to sender's time zone %D date and time of the message in the format specified by $$ddaattee__ffoorrmmaatt converted to the local time zone %e current message number in thread %E number of messages in current thread %f sender (address + real name), either From: or Return-Path: %F author name, or recipient name if the message is from you %H spam attribute(s) of this message %i message-id of the current message %l number of lines in the message (does not work with maildir, mh, and possibly IMAP folders) %L If an address in the "To:" or "Cc:" header field matches an address defined by the users "ssuubbssccrriibbee" command, this displays "To <list-name>", otherwise the same as %F. %m total number of message in the mailbox %M number of hidden messages if the thread is collapsed. %N message score %n author's real name (or address if missing) %O original save folder where mutt would formerly have stashed the message: list name or recipient name if not sent to a list %P progress indicator for the built-in pager (how much of the file has been displayed) %s subject of the message %S status of the message ("N"/"D"/"d"/"!"/"r"/*) %t "To:" field (recipients) %T the appropriate character from the $$ttoo__cchhaarrss string %u user (login) name of the author %v first name of the author, or the recipient if the message is from you %X number of attachments (please see the "aattttaacchhmmeennttss" section for possible speed effects) %y "X-Label:" field, if present %Y "X-Label:" field, if present, and _(_1_) not at part of a thread tree, _(_2_) at the top of a thread, or _(_3_) "X-Label:" is different from preceding message's "X-Label:". %Z message status flags %{fmt} the date and time of the message is converted to sender's time zone, and "fmt" is expanded by the library function strftime(3); a leading bang disables locales %[fmt] the date and time of the message is converted to the local time zone, and "fmt" is expanded by the library function strftime(3); a leading bang disables locales %(fmt) the local date and time when the message was received. "fmt" is expanded by the library function strftime(3); a leading bang disables locales %<fmt> the current local time. "fmt" is expanded by the library function strftime(3); a leading bang disables locales. %>X right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X" %|X pad to the end of the line with character "X" %*X soft-fill with character "X" as pad "Soft-fill" deserves some explanation: Normal right-justification will print everything to the left of the "%>", displaying padding and whatever lies to the right only if there's room. By contrast, soft-fill gives priority to the right-hand side, guaranteeing space to display it and showing padding only if there's still room. If necessary, soft-fill will eat text leftwards to make room for rightward text. Note that these expandos are supported in "ssaavvee--hhooookk", "ffcccc--hhooookk" and "ffcccc--ssaavvee--hhooookk", too. 3.112. ispell Type: path Default: "/usr/bin/hunspell" How to invoke ispell (GNU's spell-checking software). 3.113. keep_flagged Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, read messages marked as flagged will not be moved from your spool mailbox to your $$mmbbooxx mailbox, or as a result of a "mmbbooxx--hhooookk" command. 3.114. locale Type: string Default: "C" The locale used by strftime(3) to format dates. Legal values are the strings your system accepts for the locale environment variable $LC_TIME. 3.115. mail_check Type: number Default: 5 This variable configures how often (in seconds) mutt should look for new mail. Also see the $$ttiimmeeoouutt variable. 3.116. mail_check_recent Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, Mutt will only notify you about new mail that has been received since the last time you opened the mailbox. When _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will notify you if any new mail exists in the mailbox, regardless of whether you have visited it recently. When $$mmaarrkk__oolldd is set, Mutt does not consider the mailbox to contain new mail if only old messages exist. 3.117. mailcap_path Type: string Default: (empty) This variable specifies which files to consult when attempting to display MIME bodies not directly supported by Mutt. 3.118. mailcap_sanitize Type: boolean Default: yes If _s_e_t, mutt will restrict possible characters in mailcap % expandos to a well-defined set of safe characters. This is the safe setting, but we are not sure it doesn't break some more advanced MIME stuff. _D_O_N_'_T_ _C_H_A_N_G_E_ _T_H_I_S_ _S_E_T_T_I_N_G_ _U_N_L_E_S_S_ _Y_O_U_ _A_R_E_ _R_E_A_L_L_Y_ _S_U_R_E_ _W_H_A_T_ _Y_O_U_ _A_R_E _D_O_I_N_G_! 3.119. maildir_header_cache_verify Type: boolean Default: yes Check for Maildir unaware programs other than mutt having modified maildir files when the header cache is in use. This incurs one stat(2) per message every time the folder is opened (which can be very slow for NFS folders). 3.120. maildir_trash Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, messages marked as deleted will be saved with the maildir trashed flag instead of unlinked. _N_o_t_e_: this only applies to maildir-style mailboxes. Setting it will have no effect on other mailbox types. 3.121. mark_old Type: boolean Default: yes Controls whether or not mutt marks _n_e_w _u_n_r_e_a_d messages as _o_l_d if you exit a mailbox without reading them. With this option _s_e_t, the next time you start mutt, the messages will show up with an "O" next to them in the index menu, indicating that they are old. 3.122. markers Type: boolean Default: yes Controls the display of wrapped lines in the internal pager. If set, a "+" marker is displayed at the beginning of wrapped lines. Also see the $$ssmmaarrtt__wwrraapp variable. 3.123. mask Type: regular expression Default: "!^\.[^.]" A regular expression used in the file browser, optionally preceded by the _n_o_t operator "!". Only files whose names match this mask will be shown. The match is always case-sensitive. 3.124. mbox Type: path Default: "~/mbox" This specifies the folder into which read mail in your $$ssppoooollffiillee folder will be appended. Also see the $$mmoovvee variable. 3.125. mbox_type Type: folder magic Default: mbox The default mailbox type used when creating new folders. May be any of "mbox", "MMDF", "MH" and "Maildir". This is overridden by the -m command-line option. 3.126. menu_context Type: number Default: 0 This variable controls the number of lines of context that are given when scrolling through menus. (Similar to $$ppaaggeerr__ccoonntteexxtt.) 3.127. menu_move_off Type: boolean Default: yes When _u_n_s_e_t, the bottom entry of menus will never scroll up past the bottom of the screen, unless there are less entries than lines. When _s_e_t, the bottom entry may move off the bottom. 3.128. menu_scroll Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, menus will be scrolled up or down one line when you attempt to move across a screen boundary. If _u_n_s_e_t, the screen is cleared and the next or previous page of the menu is displayed (useful for slow links to avoid many redraws). 3.129. message_cache_clean Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, mutt will clean out obsolete entries from the message cache when the mailbox is synchronized. You probably only want to set it every once in a while, since it can be a little slow (especially for large folders). 3.130. message_cachedir Type: path Default: (empty) Set this to a directory and mutt will cache copies of messages from your IMAP and POP servers here. You are free to remove entries at any time. When setting this variable to a directory, mutt needs to fetch every remote message only once and can perform regular expression searches as fast as for local folders. Also see the $$mmeessssaaggee__ccaacchhee__cclleeaann variable. 3.131. message_format Type: string Default: "%s" This is the string displayed in the "attachment" menu for attachments of type message/rfc822. For a full listing of defined printf(3)-like sequences see the section on $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt. 3.132. meta_key Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, forces Mutt to interpret keystrokes with the high bit (bit 8) set as if the user had pressed the Esc key and whatever key remains after having the high bit removed. For example, if the key pressed has an ASCII value of 0xf8, then this is treated as if the user had pressed Esc then "x". This is because the result of removing the high bit from 0xf8 is 0x78, which is the ASCII character "x". 3.133. metoo Type: boolean Default: no If _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will remove your address (see the "aalltteerrnnaatteess" command) from the list of recipients when replying to a message. 3.134. mh_purge Type: boolean Default: no When _u_n_s_e_t, mutt will mimic mh's behavior and rename deleted messages to _,_<_o_l_d_ _f_i_l_e_ _n_a_m_e_> in mh folders instead of really deleting them. This leaves the message on disk but makes programs reading the folder ignore it. If the variable is _s_e_t, the message files will simply be deleted. This option is similar to $$mmaaiillddiirr__ttrraasshh for Maildir folders. 3.135. mh_seq_flagged Type: string Default: "flagged" The name of the MH sequence used for flagged messages. 3.136. mh_seq_replied Type: string Default: "replied" The name of the MH sequence used to tag replied messages. 3.137. mh_seq_unseen Type: string Default: "unseen" The name of the MH sequence used for unseen messages. 3.138. mime_forward Type: quadoption Default: no When _s_e_t, the message you are forwarding will be attached as a separate message/rfc822 MIME part instead of included in the main body of the message. This is useful for forwarding MIME messages so the receiver can properly view the message as it was delivered to you. If you like to switch between MIME and not MIME from mail to mail, set this variable to "ask-no" or "ask-yes". Also see $$ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccooddee and $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccooddee. 3.139. mime_forward_decode Type: boolean Default: no Controls the decoding of complex MIME messages into text/plain when forwarding a message while $$mmiimmee__ffoorrwwaarrdd is _s_e_t. Otherwise $$ffoorrwwaarrdd__ddeeccooddee is used instead. 3.140. mime_forward_rest Type: quadoption Default: yes When forwarding multiple attachments of a MIME message from the attachment menu, attachments which cannot be decoded in a reasonable manner will be attached to the newly composed message if this option is _s_e_t. 3.141. move Type: quadoption Default: no Controls whether or not Mutt will move read messages from your spool mailbox to your $$mmbbooxx mailbox, or as a result of a "mmbbooxx--hhooookk" command. 3.142. narrow_tree Type: boolean Default: no This variable, when _s_e_t, makes the thread tree narrower, allowing deeper threads to fit on the screen. 3.143. net_inc Type: number Default: 10 Operations that expect to transfer a large amount of data over the network will update their progress every $$nneett__iinncc kilobytes. If set to 0, no progress messages will be displayed. See also $$rreeaadd__iinncc, $$wwrriittee__iinncc and $$nneett__iinncc. 3.144. pager Type: path Default: "builtin" This variable specifies which pager you would like to use to view messages. The value "builtin" means to use the built-in pager, otherwise this variable should specify the pathname of the external pager you would like to use. Using an external pager may have some disadvantages: Additional keystrokes are necessary because you can't call mutt functions directly from the pager, and screen resizes cause lines longer than the screen width to be badly formatted in the help menu. 3.145. pager_context Type: number Default: 0 This variable controls the number of lines of context that are given when displaying the next or previous page in the internal pager. By default, Mutt will display the line after the last one on the screen at the top of the next page (0 lines of context). This variable also specifies the amount of context given for search results. If positive, this many lines will be given before a match, if 0, the match will be top-aligned. 3.146. pager_format Type: string Default: "-%Z- %C/%m: %-20.20n %s%* -- (%P)" This variable controls the format of the one-line message "status" displayed before each message in either the internal or an external pager. The valid sequences are listed in the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt section. 3.147. pager_index_lines Type: number Default: 0 Determines the number of lines of a mini-index which is shown when in the pager. The current message, unless near the top or bottom of the folder, will be roughly one third of the way down this mini-index, giving the reader the context of a few messages before and after the message. This is useful, for example, to determine how many messages remain to be read in the current thread. One of the lines is reserved for the status bar from the index, so a setting of 6 will only show 5 lines of the actual index. A value of 0 results in no index being shown. If the number of messages in the current folder is less than $$ppaaggeerr__iinnddeexx__lliinneess, then the index will only use as many lines as it needs. 3.148. pager_stop Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, the internal-pager will _n_o_t move to the next message when you are at the end of a message and invoke the <next-page> function. 3.149. pgp_auto_decode Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, mutt will automatically attempt to decrypt traditional PGP messages whenever the user performs an operation which ordinarily would result in the contents of the message being operated on. For example, if the user displays a pgp-traditional message which has not been manually checked with the <<cchheecckk--ttrraaddiittiioonnaall--ppggpp>> function, mutt will automatically check the message for traditional pgp. 3.150. pgp_autoinline Type: boolean Default: no This option controls whether Mutt generates old-style inline (traditional) PGP encrypted or signed messages under certain circumstances. This can be overridden by use of the pgp menu, when inline is not required. Note that Mutt might automatically use PGP/MIME for messages which consist of more than a single MIME part. Mutt can be configured to ask before sending PGP/MIME messages when inline (traditional) would not work. Also see the $$ppggpp__mmiimmee__aauuttoo variable. Also note that using the old-style PGP message format is _s_t_r_o_n_g_l_y _d_e_p_r_e_c_a_t_e_d. (PGP only) 3.151. pgp_check_exit Type: boolean Default: yes If _s_e_t, mutt will check the exit code of the PGP subprocess when signing or encrypting. A non-zero exit code means that the subprocess failed. (PGP only) 3.152. pgp_clearsign_command Type: string Default: (empty) This format is used to create an old-style "clearsigned" PGP message. Note that the use of this format is _s_t_r_o_n_g_l_y _d_e_p_r_e_c_a_t_e_d. This is a format string, see the $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only) 3.153. pgp_decode_command Type: string Default: (empty) This format strings specifies a command which is used to decode application/pgp attachments. The PGP command formats have their own set of printf(3)-like sequences: %p Expands to PGPPASSFD=0 when a pass phrase is needed, to an empty string otherwise. Note: This may be used with a %? construct. %f Expands to the name of a file containing a message. %s Expands to the name of a file containing the signature part of a multipart/signed attachment when verifying it. %a The value of $$ppggpp__ssiiggnn__aass. %r One or more key IDs. For examples on how to configure these formats for the various versions of PGP which are floating around, see the pgp and gpg sample configuration files in the samples/ subdirectory which has been installed on your system alongside the documentation. (PGP only) 3.154. pgp_decrypt_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to decrypt a PGP encrypted message. This is a format string, see the $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only) 3.155. pgp_encrypt_only_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to encrypt a body part without signing it. This is a format string, see the $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only) 3.156. pgp_encrypt_sign_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to both sign and encrypt a body part. This is a format string, see the $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only) 3.157. pgp_entry_format Type: string Default: "%4n %t%f %4l/0x%k %-4a %2c %u" This variable allows you to customize the PGP key selection menu to your personal taste. This string is similar to $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt, but has its own set of printf(3)-like sequences: %n number %k key id %u user id %a algorithm %l key length %f flags %c capabilities %t trust/validity of the key-uid association %[<s>] date of the key where <s> is an strftime(3) expression (PGP only) 3.158. pgp_export_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to export a public key from the user's key ring. This is a format string, see the $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only) 3.159. pgp_getkeys_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is invoked whenever mutt will need public key information. Of the sequences supported by $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd, %r is the only printf(3)-like sequence used with this format. (PGP only) 3.160. pgp_good_sign Type: regular expression Default: (empty) If you assign a text to this variable, then a PGP signature is only considered verified if the output from $$ppggpp__vveerriiffyy__ccoommmmaanndd contains the text. Use this variable if the exit code from the command is 0 even for bad signatures. (PGP only) 3.161. pgp_ignore_subkeys Type: boolean Default: yes Setting this variable will cause Mutt to ignore OpenPGP subkeys. Instead, the principal key will inherit the subkeys' capabilities. _U_n_s_e_t this if you want to play interesting key selection games. (PGP only) 3.162. pgp_import_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to import a key from a message into the user's public key ring. This is a format string, see the $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only) 3.163. pgp_list_pubring_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to list the public key ring's contents. The output format must be analogous to the one used by gpg --list-keys --with-colons. This format is also generated by the pgpring utility which comes with mutt. This is a format string, see the $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only) 3.164. pgp_list_secring_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to list the secret key ring's contents. The output format must be analogous to the one used by: gpg --list-keys --with-colons. This format is also generated by the pgpring utility which comes with mutt. This is a format string, see the $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only) 3.165. pgp_long_ids Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, use 64 bit PGP key IDs, if _u_n_s_e_t use the normal 32 bit key IDs. (PGP only) 3.166. pgp_mime_auto Type: quadoption Default: ask-yes This option controls whether Mutt will prompt you for automatically sending a (signed/encrypted) message using PGP/MIME when inline (traditional) fails (for any reason). Also note that using the old-style PGP message format is _s_t_r_o_n_g_l_y _d_e_p_r_e_c_a_t_e_d. (PGP only) 3.167. pgp_replyinline Type: boolean Default: no Setting this variable will cause Mutt to always attempt to create an inline (traditional) message when replying to a message which is PGP encrypted/signed inline. This can be overridden by use of the pgp menu, when inline is not required. This option does not automatically detect if the (replied-to) message is inline; instead it relies on Mutt internals for previously checked/flagged messages. Note that Mutt might automatically use PGP/MIME for messages which consist of more than a single MIME part. Mutt can be configured to ask before sending PGP/MIME messages when inline (traditional) would not work. Also see the $$ppggpp__mmiimmee__aauuttoo variable. Also note that using the old-style PGP message format is _s_t_r_o_n_g_l_y _d_e_p_r_e_c_a_t_e_d. (PGP only) 3.168. pgp_retainable_sigs Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, signed and encrypted messages will consist of nested multipart/signed and multipart/encrypted body parts. This is useful for applications like encrypted and signed mailing lists, where the outer layer (multipart/encrypted) can be easily removed, while the inner multipart/signed part is retained. (PGP only) 3.169. pgp_show_unusable Type: boolean Default: yes If _s_e_t, mutt will display non-usable keys on the PGP key selection menu. This includes keys which have been revoked, have expired, or have been marked as "disabled" by the user. (PGP only) 3.170. pgp_sign_as Type: string Default: (empty) If you have more than one key pair, this option allows you to specify which of your private keys to use. It is recommended that you use the keyid form to specify your key (e.g. 0x00112233). (PGP only) 3.171. pgp_sign_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to create the detached PGP signature for a multipart/signed PGP/MIME body part. This is a format string, see the $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only) 3.172. pgp_sort_keys Type: sort order Default: address Specifies how the entries in the pgp menu are sorted. The following are legal values: address sort alphabetically by user id keyid sort alphabetically by key id date sort by key creation date trust sort by the trust of the key If you prefer reverse order of the above values, prefix it with "reverse-". (PGP only) 3.173. pgp_strict_enc Type: boolean Default: yes If _s_e_t, Mutt will automatically encode PGP/MIME signed messages as quoted-printable. Please note that unsetting this variable may lead to problems with non-verifyable PGP signatures, so only change this if you know what you are doing. (PGP only) 3.174. pgp_timeout Type: number Default: 300 The number of seconds after which a cached passphrase will expire if not used. (PGP only) 3.175. pgp_use_gpg_agent Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, mutt will use a possibly-running gpg-agent(1) process. (PGP only) 3.176. pgp_verify_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to verify PGP signatures. This is a format string, see the $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only) 3.177. pgp_verify_key_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to verify key information from the key selection menu. This is a format string, see the $$ppggpp__ddeeccooddee__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only) 3.178. pipe_decode Type: boolean Default: no Used in connection with the <pipe-message> command. When _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will pipe the messages without any preprocessing. When _s_e_t, Mutt will weed headers and will attempt to decode the messages first. 3.179. pipe_sep Type: string Default: "\n" The separator to add between messages when piping a list of tagged messages to an external Unix command. 3.180. pipe_split Type: boolean Default: no Used in connection with the <pipe-message> function following <tag-prefix>. If this variable is _u_n_s_e_t, when piping a list of tagged messages Mutt will concatenate the messages and will pipe them all concatenated. When _s_e_t, Mutt will pipe the messages one by one. In both cases the messages are piped in the current sorted order, and the $$ppiippee__sseepp separator is added after each message. 3.181. pop_auth_try_all Type: boolean Default: yes If _s_e_t, Mutt will try all available authentication methods. When _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will only fall back to other authentication methods if the previous methods are unavailable. If a method is available but authentication fails, Mutt will not connect to the POP server. 3.182. pop_authenticators Type: string Default: (empty) This is a colon-delimited list of authentication methods mutt may attempt to use to log in to an POP server, in the order mutt should try them. Authentication methods are either "user", "apop" or any SASL mechanism, e.g. "digest-md5", "gssapi" or "cram-md5". This option is case-insensitive. If this option is _u_n_s_e_t (the default) mutt will try all available methods, in order from most-secure to least-secure. Example: set pop_authenticators="digest-md5:apop:user" 3.183. pop_checkinterval Type: number Default: 60 This variable configures how often (in seconds) mutt should look for new mail in the currently selected mailbox if it is a POP mailbox. 3.184. pop_delete Type: quadoption Default: ask-no If _s_e_t, Mutt will delete successfully downloaded messages from the POP server when using the <<ffeettcchh--mmaaiill>> function. When _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will download messages but also leave them on the POP server. 3.185. pop_host Type: string Default: (empty) The name of your POP server for the <<ffeettcchh--mmaaiill>> function. You can also specify an alternative port, username and password, i.e.: [pop[s]://][username[:password]@]popserver[:port] where "[...]" denotes an optional part. 3.186. pop_last Type: boolean Default: no If this variable is _s_e_t, mutt will try to use the "LAST" POP command for retrieving only unread messages from the POP server when using the <<ffeettcchh--mmaaiill>> function. 3.187. pop_pass Type: string Default: (empty) Specifies the password for your POP account. If _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will prompt you for your password when you open a POP mailbox. _W_a_r_n_i_n_g: you should only use this option when you are on a fairly secure machine, because the superuser can read your muttrc even if you are the only one who can read the file. 3.188. pop_reconnect Type: quadoption Default: ask-yes Controls whether or not Mutt will try to reconnect to the POP server if the connection is lost. 3.189. pop_user Type: string Default: (empty) Your login name on the POP server. This variable defaults to your user name on the local machine. 3.190. post_indent_string Type: string Default: (empty) Similar to the $$aattttrriibbuuttiioonn variable, Mutt will append this string after the inclusion of a message which is being replied to. 3.191. postpone Type: quadoption Default: ask-yes Controls whether or not messages are saved in the $$ppoossttppoonneedd mailbox when you elect not to send immediately. Also see the $$rreeccaallll variable. 3.192. postponed Type: path Default: "~/postponed" Mutt allows you to indefinitely "ppoossttppoonnee sending a message" which you are editing. When you choose to postpone a message, Mutt saves it in the mailbox specified by this variable. Also see the $$ppoossttppoonnee variable. 3.193. preconnect Type: string Default: (empty) If _s_e_t, a shell command to be executed if mutt fails to establish a connection to the server. This is useful for setting up secure connections, e.g. with ssh(1). If the command returns a nonzero status, mutt gives up opening the server. Example: set preconnect="ssh -f -q -L 1234:mailhost.net:143 mailhost.net \ sleep 20 < /dev/null > /dev/null" Mailbox "foo" on "mailhost.net" can now be reached as "{localhost:1234}foo". Note: For this example to work, you must be able to log in to the remote machine without having to enter a password. 3.194. print Type: quadoption Default: ask-no Controls whether or not Mutt really prints messages. This is set to "ask-no" by default, because some people accidentally hit "p" often. 3.195. print_command Type: path Default: "lpr" This specifies the command pipe that should be used to print messages. 3.196. print_decode Type: boolean Default: yes Used in connection with the <print-message> command. If this option is _s_e_t, the message is decoded before it is passed to the external command specified by $$pprriinntt__ccoommmmaanndd. If this option is _u_n_s_e_t, no processing will be applied to the message when printing it. The latter setting may be useful if you are using some advanced printer filter which is able to properly format e-mail messages for printing. 3.197. print_split Type: boolean Default: no Used in connection with the <print-message> command. If this option is _s_e_t, the command specified by $$pprriinntt__ccoommmmaanndd is executed once for each message which is to be printed. If this option is _u_n_s_e_t, the command specified by $$pprriinntt__ccoommmmaanndd is executed only once, and all the messages are concatenated, with a form feed as the message separator. Those who use the enscript(1) program's mail-printing mode will most likely want to _s_e_t this option. 3.198. prompt_after Type: boolean Default: yes If you use an _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l $$ppaaggeerr, setting this variable will cause Mutt to prompt you for a command when the pager exits rather than returning to the index menu. If _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will return to the index menu when the external pager exits. 3.199. query_command Type: path Default: (empty) This specifies the command Mutt will use to make external address queries. The string may contain a "%s", which will be substituted with the query string the user types. Mutt will add quotes around the string substituted for "%s" automatically according to shell quoting rules, so you should avoid adding your own. If no "%s" is found in the string, Mutt will append the user's query to the end of the string. See "qquueerryy" for more information. 3.200. query_format Type: string Default: "%4c %t %-25.25a %-25.25n %?e?(%e)?" This variable describes the format of the "query" menu. The following printf(3)-style sequences are understood: %a destination address %c current entry number %e extra information * %n destination name %t "*" if current entry is tagged, a space otherwise %>X right justify the rest of the string and pad with "X" %|X pad to the end of the line with "X" %*X soft-fill with character "X" as pad For an explanation of "soft-fill", see the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt documentation. * = can be optionally printed if nonzero, see the $$ssttaattuuss__ffoorrmmaatt documentation. 3.201. quit Type: quadoption Default: yes This variable controls whether "quit" and "exit" actually quit from mutt. If this option is _s_e_t, they do quit, if it is _u_n_s_e_t, they have no effect, and if it is set to _a_s_k_-_y_e_s or _a_s_k_-_n_o, you are prompted for confirmation when you try to quit. 3.202. quote_regexp Type: regular expression Default: "^([ \t]*[|>:}#])+" A regular expression used in the internal pager to determine quoted sections of text in the body of a message. Quoted text may be filtered out using the <toggle-quoted> command, or colored according to the "color quoted" family of directives. Higher levels of quoting may be colored differently ("color quoted1", "color quoted2", etc.). The quoting level is determined by removing the last character from the matched text and recursively reapplying the regular expression until it fails to produce a match. Match detection may be overridden by the $$ssmmiilleeyyss regular expression. 3.203. read_inc Type: number Default: 10 If set to a value greater than 0, Mutt will display which message it is currently on when reading a mailbox or when performing search actions such as search and limit. The message is printed after this many messages have been read or searched (e.g., if set to 25, Mutt will print a message when it is at message 25, and then again when it gets to message 50). This variable is meant to indicate progress when reading or searching large mailboxes which may take some time. When set to 0, only a single message will appear before the reading the mailbox. Also see the $$wwrriittee__iinncc, $$nneett__iinncc and $$ttiimmee__iinncc variables and the "ttuunniinngg" section of the manual for performance considerations. 3.204. read_only Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, all folders are opened in read-only mode. 3.205. realname Type: string Default: (empty) This variable specifies what "real" or "personal" name should be used when sending messages. By default, this is the GECOS field from /etc/passwd. Note that this variable will _n_o_t be used when the user has set a real name in the $$ffrroomm variable. 3.206. recall Type: quadoption Default: ask-yes Controls whether or not Mutt recalls postponed messages when composing a new message. _S_e_t_t_i_n_g this variable to is not generally useful, and thus not recommended. Also see $$ppoossttppoonneedd variable. 3.207. record Type: path Default: "~/sent" This specifies the file into which your outgoing messages should be appended. (This is meant as the primary method for saving a copy of your messages, but another way to do this is using the "mmyy__hhddrr" command to create a "Bcc:" field with your email address in it.) The value of $$rreeccoorrdd is overridden by the $$ffoorrccee__nnaammee and $$ssaavvee__nnaammee variables, and the "ffcccc--hhooookk" command. 3.208. reply_regexp Type: regular expression Default: "^(re([\[0-9\]+])*|aw):[ \t]*" A regular expression used to recognize reply messages when threading and replying. The default value corresponds to the English "Re:" and the German "Aw:". 3.209. reply_self Type: boolean Default: no If _u_n_s_e_t and you are replying to a message sent by you, Mutt will assume that you want to reply to the recipients of that message rather than to yourself. Also see the "aalltteerrnnaatteess" command. 3.210. reply_to Type: quadoption Default: ask-yes If _s_e_t, when replying to a message, Mutt will use the address listed in the Reply-to: header as the recipient of the reply. If _u_n_s_e_t, it will use the address in the From: header field instead. This option is useful for reading a mailing list that sets the Reply-To: header field to the list address and you want to send a private message to the author of a message. 3.211. resolve Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, the cursor will be automatically advanced to the next (possibly undeleted) message whenever a command that modifies the current message is executed. 3.212. reverse_alias Type: boolean Default: no This variable controls whether or not Mutt will display the "personal" name from your aliases in the index menu if it finds an alias that matches the message's sender. For example, if you have the following alias: alias juser abd30425@somewhere.net (Joe User) and then you receive mail which contains the following header: From: abd30425@somewhere.net It would be displayed in the index menu as "Joe User" instead of "abd30425@somewhere.net." This is useful when the person's e-mail address is not human friendly. 3.213. reverse_name Type: boolean Default: no It may sometimes arrive that you receive mail to a certain machine, move the messages to another machine, and reply to some the messages from there. If this variable is _s_e_t, the default _F_r_o_m_: line of the reply messages is built using the address where you received the messages you are replying to _i_f that address matches your "aalltteerrnnaatteess". If the variable is _u_n_s_e_t, or the address that would be used doesn't match your "aalltteerrnnaatteess", the _F_r_o_m_: line will use your address on the current machine. Also see the "aalltteerrnnaatteess" command. 3.214. reverse_realname Type: boolean Default: yes This variable fine-tunes the behavior of the $$rreevveerrssee__nnaammee feature. When it is _s_e_t, mutt will use the address from incoming messages as-is, possibly including eventual real names. When it is _u_n_s_e_t, mutt will override any such real names with the setting of the $$rreeaallnnaammee variable. 3.215. rfc2047_parameters Type: boolean Default: no When this variable is _s_e_t, Mutt will decode RFC2047-encoded MIME parameters. You want to set this variable when mutt suggests you to save attachments to files named like: =?iso-8859-1?Q?file=5F=E4=5F991116=2Ezip?= When this variable is _s_e_t interactively, the change won't be active until you change folders. Note that this use of RFC2047's encoding is explicitly prohibited by the standard, but nevertheless encountered in the wild. Also note that setting this parameter will _n_o_t have the effect that mutt _g_e_n_e_r_a_t_e_s this kind of encoding. Instead, mutt will unconditionally use the encoding specified in RFC2231. 3.216. save_address Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, mutt will take the sender's full address when choosing a default folder for saving a mail. If $$ssaavvee__nnaammee or $$ffoorrccee__nnaammee is _s_e_t too, the selection of the Fcc folder will be changed as well. 3.217. save_empty Type: boolean Default: yes When _u_n_s_e_t, mailboxes which contain no saved messages will be removed when closed (the exception is $$ssppoooollffiillee which is never removed). If _s_e_t, mailboxes are never removed. _N_o_t_e_: This only applies to mbox and MMDF folders, Mutt does not delete MH and Maildir directories. 3.218. save_history Type: number Default: 0 This variable controls the size of the history (per category) saved in the $$hhiissttoorryy__ffiillee file. 3.219. save_name Type: boolean Default: no This variable controls how copies of outgoing messages are saved. When _s_e_t, a check is made to see if a mailbox specified by the recipient address exists (this is done by searching for a mailbox in the $$ffoollddeerr directory with the _u_s_e_r_n_a_m_e part of the recipient address). If the mailbox exists, the outgoing message will be saved to that mailbox, otherwise the message is saved to the $$rreeccoorrdd mailbox. Also see the $$ffoorrccee__nnaammee variable. 3.220. score Type: boolean Default: yes When this variable is _u_n_s_e_t, scoring is turned off. This can be useful to selectively disable scoring for certain folders when the $$ssccoorree__tthhrreesshhoolldd__ddeelleettee variable and related are used. 3.221. score_threshold_delete Type: number Default: -1 Messages which have been assigned a score equal to or lower than the value of this variable are automatically marked for deletion by mutt. Since mutt scores are always greater than or equal to zero, the default setting of this variable will never mark a message for deletion. 3.222. score_threshold_flag Type: number Default: 9999 Messages which have been assigned a score greater than or equal to this variable's value are automatically marked "flagged". 3.223. score_threshold_read Type: number Default: -1 Messages which have been assigned a score equal to or lower than the value of this variable are automatically marked as read by mutt. Since mutt scores are always greater than or equal to zero, the default setting of this variable will never mark a message read. 3.224. search_context Type: number Default: 0 For the pager, this variable specifies the number of lines shown before search results. By default, search results will be top-aligned. 3.225. send_charset Type: string Default: "us-ascii:iso-8859-1:utf-8" A colon-delimited list of character sets for outgoing messages. Mutt will use the first character set into which the text can be converted exactly. If your $$cchhaarrsseett is not "iso-8859-1" and recipients may not understand "UTF-8", it is advisable to include in the list an appropriate widely used standard character set (such as "iso-8859-2", "koi8-r" or "iso-2022-jp") either instead of or after "iso-8859-1". In case the text cannot be converted into one of these exactly, mutt uses $$cchhaarrsseett as a fallback. 3.226. sendmail Type: path Default: "/usr/sbin/sendmail -oem -oi" Specifies the program and arguments used to deliver mail sent by Mutt. Mutt expects that the specified program interprets additional arguments as recipient addresses. 3.227. sendmail_wait Type: number Default: 0 Specifies the number of seconds to wait for the $$sseennddmmaaiill process to finish before giving up and putting delivery in the background. Mutt interprets the value of this variable as follows: >0 number of seconds to wait for sendmail to finish before continuing 0 wait forever for sendmail to finish <0 always put sendmail in the background without waiting Note that if you specify a value other than 0, the output of the child process will be put in a temporary file. If there is some error, you will be informed as to where to find the output. 3.228. shell Type: path Default: (empty) Command to use when spawning a subshell. By default, the user's login shell from /etc/passwd is used. 3.229. sig_dashes Type: boolean Default: yes If _s_e_t, a line containing "-- " (note the trailing space) will be inserted before your $$ssiiggnnaattuurree. It is _s_t_r_o_n_g_l_y recommended that you not _u_n_s_e_t this variable unless your signature contains just your name. The reason for this is because many software packages use "-- \n" to detect your signature. For example, Mutt has the ability to highlight the signature in a different color in the built-in pager. 3.230. sig_on_top Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, the signature will be included before any quoted or forwarded text. It is _s_t_r_o_n_g_l_y recommended that you do not set this variable unless you really know what you are doing, and are prepared to take some heat from netiquette guardians. 3.231. signature Type: path Default: "~/.signature" Specifies the filename of your signature, which is appended to all outgoing messages. If the filename ends with a pipe ("|"), it is assumed that filename is a shell command and input should be read from its standard output. 3.232. simple_search Type: string Default: "~f %s | ~s %s" Specifies how Mutt should expand a simple search into a real search pattern. A simple search is one that does not contain any of the "~" pattern operators. See "ppaatttteerrnnss" for more information on search patterns. For example, if you simply type "joe" at a search or limit prompt, Mutt will automatically expand it to the value specified by this variable by replacing "%s" with the supplied string. For the default value, "joe" would be expanded to: "~f joe | ~s joe". 3.233. sleep_time Type: number Default: 1 Specifies time, in seconds, to pause while displaying certain informational messages, while moving from folder to folder and after expunging messages from the current folder. The default is to pause one second, so a value of zero for this option suppresses the pause. 3.234. smart_wrap Type: boolean Default: yes Controls the display of lines longer than the screen width in the internal pager. If _s_e_t, long lines are wrapped at a word boundary. If _u_n_s_e_t, lines are simply wrapped at the screen edge. Also see the $$mmaarrkkeerrss variable. 3.235. smileys Type: regular expression Default: "(>From )|(:[-^]?[][)(><}{|/DP])" The _p_a_g_e_r uses this variable to catch some common false positives of $$qquuoottee__rreeggeexxpp, most notably smileys and not consider a line quoted text if it also matches $$ssmmiilleeyyss. This mostly happens at the beginning of a line. 3.236. smime_ask_cert_label Type: boolean Default: yes This flag controls whether you want to be asked to enter a label for a certificate about to be added to the database or not. It is _s_e_t by default. (S/MIME only) 3.237. smime_ca_location Type: path Default: (empty) This variable contains the name of either a directory, or a file which contains trusted certificates for use with OpenSSL. (S/MIME only) 3.238. smime_certificates Type: path Default: (empty) Since for S/MIME there is no pubring/secring as with PGP, mutt has to handle storage and retrieval of keys by itself. This is very basic right now, and keys and certificates are stored in two different directories, both named as the hash-value retrieved from OpenSSL. There is an index file which contains mailbox-address keyid pairs, and which can be manually edited. This option points to the location of the certificates. (S/MIME only) 3.239. smime_decrypt_command Type: string Default: (empty) This format string specifies a command which is used to decrypt application/x-pkcs7-mime attachments. The OpenSSL command formats have their own set of printf(3)-like sequences similar to PGP's: %f Expands to the name of a file containing a message. %s Expands to the name of a file containing the signature part of a multipart/signed attachment when verifying it. %k The key-pair specified with $$ssmmiimmee__ddeeffaauulltt__kkeeyy %c One or more certificate IDs. %a The algorithm used for encryption. %C CA location: Depending on whether $$ssmmiimmee__ccaa__llooccaattiioonn points to a directory or file, this expands to "-CApath $$ssmmiimmee__ccaa__llooccaattiioonn" or "-CAfile $$ssmmiimmee__ccaa__llooccaattiioonn". For examples on how to configure these formats, see the smime.rc in the samples/ subdirectory which has been installed on your system alongside the documentation. (S/MIME only) 3.240. smime_decrypt_use_default_key Type: boolean Default: yes If _s_e_t (default) this tells mutt to use the default key for decryption. Otherwise, if managing multiple certificate-key-pairs, mutt will try to use the mailbox-address to determine the key to use. It will ask you to supply a key, if it can't find one. (S/MIME only) 3.241. smime_default_key Type: string Default: (empty) This is the default key-pair to use for signing. This must be set to the keyid (the hash-value that OpenSSL generates) to work properly (S/MIME only) 3.242. smime_encrypt_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to create encrypted S/MIME messages. This is a format string, see the $$ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only) 3.243. smime_encrypt_with Type: string Default: (empty) This sets the algorithm that should be used for encryption. Valid choices are "des", "des3", "rc2-40", "rc2-64", "rc2-128". If _u_n_s_e_t, "3des" (TripleDES) is used. (S/MIME only) 3.244. smime_get_cert_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to extract X509 certificates from a PKCS7 structure. This is a format string, see the $$ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only) 3.245. smime_get_cert_email_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to extract the mail address(es) used for storing X509 certificates, and for verification purposes (to check whether the certificate was issued for the sender's mailbox). This is a format string, see the $$ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only) 3.246. smime_get_signer_cert_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to extract only the signers X509 certificate from a S/MIME signature, so that the certificate's owner may get compared to the email's "From:" field. This is a format string, see the $$ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only) 3.247. smime_import_cert_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to import a certificate via smime_keys. This is a format string, see the $$ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only) 3.248. smime_is_default Type: boolean Default: no The default behavior of mutt is to use PGP on all auto-sign/encryption operations. To override and to use OpenSSL instead this must be _s_e_t. However, this has no effect while replying, since mutt will automatically select the same application that was used to sign/encrypt the original message. (Note that this variable can be overridden by unsetting $$ccrryypptt__aauuttoossmmiimmee.) (S/MIME only) 3.249. smime_keys Type: path Default: (empty) Since for S/MIME there is no pubring/secring as with PGP, mutt has to handle storage and retrieval of keys/certs by itself. This is very basic right now, and stores keys and certificates in two different directories, both named as the hash-value retrieved from OpenSSL. There is an index file which contains mailbox-address keyid pair, and which can be manually edited. This option points to the location of the private keys. (S/MIME only) 3.250. smime_pk7out_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to extract PKCS7 structures of S/MIME signatures, in order to extract the public X509 certificate(s). This is a format string, see the $$ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only) 3.251. smime_sign_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to created S/MIME signatures of type multipart/signed, which can be read by all mail clients. This is a format string, see the $$ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only) 3.252. smime_sign_opaque_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to created S/MIME signatures of type application/x-pkcs7-signature, which can only be handled by mail clients supporting the S/MIME extension. This is a format string, see the $$ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only) 3.253. smime_timeout Type: number Default: 300 The number of seconds after which a cached passphrase will expire if not used. (S/MIME only) 3.254. smime_verify_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to verify S/MIME signatures of type multipart/signed. This is a format string, see the $$ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only) 3.255. smime_verify_opaque_command Type: string Default: (empty) This command is used to verify S/MIME signatures of type application/x-pkcs7-mime. This is a format string, see the $$ssmmiimmee__ddeeccrryypptt__ccoommmmaanndd command for possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only) 3.256. smtp_authenticators Type: string Default: (empty) This is a colon-delimited list of authentication methods mutt may attempt to use to log in to an SMTP server, in the order mutt should try them. Authentication methods are any SASL mechanism, e.g. "digest-md5", "gssapi" or "cram-md5". This option is case-insensitive. If it is "unset" (the default) mutt will try all available methods, in order from most-secure to least-secure. Example: set smtp_authenticators="digest-md5:cram-md5" 3.257. smtp_pass Type: string Default: (empty) Specifies the password for your SMTP account. If _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will prompt you for your password when you first send mail via SMTP. See $$ssmmttpp__uurrll to configure mutt to send mail via SMTP. _W_a_r_n_i_n_g: you should only use this option when you are on a fairly secure machine, because the superuser can read your muttrc even if you are the only one who can read the file. 3.258. smtp_url Type: string Default: (empty) Defines the SMTP smarthost where sent messages should relayed for delivery. This should take the form of an SMTP URL, e.g.: smtp[s]://[user[:pass]@]host[:port] where "[...]" denotes an optional part. Setting this variable overrides the value of the $$sseennddmmaaiill variable. 3.259. sort Type: sort order Default: date Specifies how to sort messages in the "index" menu. Valid values are: * date or date-sent * date-received * from * mailbox-order (unsorted) * score * size * spam * subject * threads * to You may optionally use the "reverse-" prefix to specify reverse sorting order (example: "set sort=reverse-date-sent"). 3.260. sort_alias Type: sort order Default: alias Specifies how the entries in the "alias" menu are sorted. The following are legal values: * address (sort alphabetically by email address) * alias (sort alphabetically by alias name) * unsorted (leave in order specified in .muttrc) 3.261. sort_aux Type: sort order Default: date When sorting by threads, this variable controls how threads are sorted in relation to other threads, and how the branches of the thread trees are sorted. This can be set to any value that $$ssoorrtt can, except "threads" (in that case, mutt will just use "date-sent"). You can also specify the "last-" prefix in addition to the "reverse-" prefix, but "last-" must come after "reverse-". The "last-" prefix causes messages to be sorted against its siblings by which has the last descendant, using the rest of $$ssoorrtt__aauuxx as an ordering. For instance, set sort_aux=last-date-received would mean that if a new message is received in a thread, that thread becomes the last one displayed (or the first, if you have "set sort=reverse-threads".) Note: For reversed $$ssoorrtt order $$ssoorrtt__aauuxx is reversed again (which is not the right thing to do, but kept to not break any existing configuration setting). 3.262. sort_browser Type: sort order Default: alpha Specifies how to sort entries in the file browser. By default, the entries are sorted alphabetically. Valid values: * alpha (alphabetically) * date * size * unsorted You may optionally use the "reverse-" prefix to specify reverse sorting order (example: "set sort_browser=reverse-date"). 3.263. sort_re Type: boolean Default: yes This variable is only useful when sorting by threads with $$ssttrriicctt__tthhrreeaaddss _u_n_s_e_t. In that case, it changes the heuristic mutt uses to thread messages by subject. With $$ssoorrtt__rree _s_e_t, mutt will only attach a message as the child of another message by subject if the subject of the child message starts with a substring matching the setting of $$rreeppllyy__rreeggeexxpp. With $$ssoorrtt__rree _u_n_s_e_t, mutt will attach the message whether or not this is the case, as long as the non-$$rreeppllyy__rreeggeexxpp parts of both messages are identical. 3.264. spam_separator Type: string Default: "," This variable controls what happens when multiple spam headers are matched: if _u_n_s_e_t, each successive header will overwrite any previous matches value for the spam label. If _s_e_t, each successive match will append to the previous, using this variable's value as a separator. 3.265. spoolfile Type: path Default: (empty) If your spool mailbox is in a non-default place where Mutt cannot find it, you can specify its location with this variable. Mutt will initially set this variable to the value of the environment variable $MAIL or $MAILDIR if either is defined. 3.266. ssl_ca_certificates_file Type: path Default: "/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt" This variable specifies a file containing trusted CA certificates. Any server certificate that is signed with one of these CA certificates is also automatically accepted. Example: set ssl_ca_certificates_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt 3.267. ssl_client_cert Type: path Default: (empty) The file containing a client certificate and its associated private key. 3.268. ssl_force_tls Type: boolean Default: no If this variable is _s_e_t, Mutt will require that all connections to remote servers be encrypted. Furthermore it will attempt to negotiate TLS even if the server does not advertise the capability, since it would otherwise have to abort the connection anyway. This option supersedes $$ssssll__ssttaarrttttllss. 3.269. ssl_min_dh_prime_bits Type: number Default: 0 This variable specifies the minimum acceptable prime size (in bits) for use in any Diffie-Hellman key exchange. A value of 0 will use the default from the GNUTLS library. 3.270. ssl_starttls Type: quadoption Default: yes If _s_e_t (the default), mutt will attempt to use STARTTLS on servers advertising the capability. When _u_n_s_e_t, mutt will not attempt to use STARTTLS regardless of the server's capabilities. 3.271. ssl_use_sslv3 Type: boolean Default: yes This variable specifies whether to attempt to use SSLv3 in the SSL authentication process. 3.272. ssl_use_tlsv1 Type: boolean Default: yes This variable specifies whether to attempt to use TLSv1 in the SSL authentication process. 3.273. ssl_use_tlsv1_1 Type: boolean Default: yes This variable specifies whether to attempt to use TLSv1.1 in the SSL authentication process. 3.274. ssl_use_tlsv1_2 Type: boolean Default: yes This variable specifies whether to attempt to use TLSv1.2 in the SSL authentication process. 3.275. ssl_verify_dates Type: boolean Default: yes If _s_e_t (the default), mutt will not automatically accept a server certificate that is either not yet valid or already expired. You should only unset this for particular known hosts, using the <<aaccccoouunntt--hhooookk>> function. 3.276. ssl_verify_host Type: boolean Default: yes If _s_e_t (the default), mutt will not automatically accept a server certificate whose host name does not match the host used in your folder URL. You should only unset this for particular known hosts, using the <<aaccccoouunntt--hhooookk>> function. 3.277. status_chars Type: string Default: "-*%A" Controls the characters used by the "%r" indicator in $$ssttaattuuss__ffoorrmmaatt. The first character is used when the mailbox is unchanged. The second is used when the mailbox has been changed, and it needs to be resynchronized. The third is used if the mailbox is in read-only mode, or if the mailbox will not be written when exiting that mailbox (You can toggle whether to write changes to a mailbox with the <toggle-write> operation, bound by default to "%"). The fourth is used to indicate that the current folder has been opened in attach- message mode (Certain operations like composing a new mail, replying, forwarding, etc. are not permitted in this mode). 3.278. status_format Type: string Default: "-%r-Mutt: %f [Msgs:%?M?%M/?%m%?n? New:%n?%?o? Old:%o?%?d? Del :%d?%?F? Flag:%F?%?t? Tag:%t?%?p? Post:%p?%?b? Inc:%b?%?l? %l?]---(%s/% S)-%>-(%P)---" Controls the format of the status line displayed in the "index" menu. This string is similar to $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt, but has its own set of printf(3)-like sequences: %b number of mailboxes with new mail * %d number of deleted messages * %f the full pathname of the current mailbox %F number of flagged messages * %h local hostname %l size (in bytes) of the current mailbox * %L size (in bytes) of the messages shown (i.e., which match the current limit) * %m the number of messages in the mailbox * %M the number of messages shown (i.e., which match the current limit) * %n number of new messages in the mailbox * %o number of old unread messages * %p number of postponed messages * %P percentage of the way through the index %r modified/read-only/won't-write/attach-message indicator, according to $$ssttaattuuss__cchhaarrss %s current sorting mode ($$ssoorrtt) %S current aux sorting method ($$ssoorrtt__aauuxx) %t number of tagged messages * %u number of unread messages * %v Mutt version string %V currently active limit pattern, if any * %>X right justify the rest of the string and pad with "X" %|X pad to the end of the line with "X" %*X soft-fill with character "X" as pad For an explanation of "soft-fill", see the $$iinnddeexx__ffoorrmmaatt documentation. * = can be optionally printed if nonzero Some of the above sequences can be used to optionally print a string if their value is nonzero. For example, you may only want to see the number of flagged messages if such messages exist, since zero is not particularly meaningful. To optionally print a string based upon one of the above sequences, the following construct is used: %?<sequence_char>?<optional_string>? where _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e___c_h_a_r is a character from the table above, and _o_p_t_i_o_n_a_l___s_t_r_i_n_g is the string you would like printed if _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e___c_h_a_r is nonzero. _o_p_t_i_o_n_a_l___s_t_r_i_n_g _m_a_y contain other sequences as well as normal text, but you may _n_o_t nest optional strings. Here is an example illustrating how to optionally print the number of new messages in a mailbox: %?n?%n new messages.? You can also switch between two strings using the following construct: %?<sequence_char>?<if_string>&<else_string>? If the value of _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e___c_h_a_r is non-zero, _i_f___s_t_r_i_n_g will be expanded, otherwise _e_l_s_e___s_t_r_i_n_g will be expanded. You can force the result of any printf(3)-like sequence to be lowercase by prefixing the sequence character with an underscore ("_") sign. For example, if you want to display the local hostname in lowercase, you would use: "%_h". If you prefix the sequence character with a colon (":") character, mutt will replace any dots in the expansion by underscores. This might be helpful with IMAP folders that don't like dots in folder names. 3.279. status_on_top Type: boolean Default: no Setting this variable causes the "status bar" to be displayed on the first line of the screen rather than near the bottom. If $$hheellpp is _s_e_t, too it'll be placed at the bottom. 3.280. strict_threads Type: boolean Default: no If _s_e_t, threading will only make use of the "In-Reply-To" and "References:" fields when you $$ssoorrtt by message threads. By default, messages with the same subject are grouped together in "pseudo threads.". This may not always be desirable, such as in a personal mailbox where you might have several unrelated messages with the subjects like "hi" which will get grouped together. See also $$ssoorrtt__rree for a less drastic way of controlling this behavior. 3.281. suspend Type: boolean Default: yes When _u_n_s_e_t, mutt won't stop when the user presses the terminal's _s_u_s_p key, usually "^Z". This is useful if you run mutt inside an xterm using a command like "xterm -e mutt". 3.282. text_flowed Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, mutt will generate "format=flowed" bodies with a content type of "text/plain; format=flowed". This format is easier to handle for some mailing software, and generally just looks like ordinary text. To actually make use of this format's features, you'll need support in your editor. Note that $$iinnddeenntt__ssttrriinngg is ignored when this option is _s_e_t. 3.283. thorough_search Type: boolean Default: yes Affects the ~b and ~h search operations described in section "ppaatttteerrnnss". If _s_e_t, the headers and body/attachments of messages to be searched are decoded before searching. If _u_n_s_e_t, messages are searched as they appear in the folder. Users searching attachments or for non-ASCII characters should _s_e_t this value because decoding also includes MIME parsing/decoding and possible character set conversions. Otherwise mutt will attempt to match against the raw message received (for example quoted-printable encoded or with encoded headers) which may lead to incorrect search results. 3.284. thread_received Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, mutt uses the date received rather than the date sent to thread messages by subject. 3.285. tilde Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, the internal-pager will pad blank lines to the bottom of the screen with a tilde ("~"). 3.286. time_inc Type: number Default: 0 Along with $$rreeaadd__iinncc, $$wwrriittee__iinncc, and $$nneett__iinncc, this variable controls the frequency with which progress updates are displayed. It suppresses updates less than $$ttiimmee__iinncc milliseconds apart. This can improve throughput on systems with slow terminals, or when running mutt on a remote system. Also see the "ttuunniinngg" section of the manual for performance considerations. 3.287. timeout Type: number Default: 600 When Mutt is waiting for user input either idling in menus or in an interactive prompt, Mutt would block until input is present. Depending on the context, this would prevent certain operations from working, like checking for new mail or keeping an IMAP connection alive. This variable controls how many seconds Mutt will at most wait until it aborts waiting for input, performs these operations and continues to wait for input. A value of zero or less will cause Mutt to never time out. 3.288. tmpdir Type: path Default: (empty) This variable allows you to specify where Mutt will place its temporary files needed for displaying and composing messages. If this variable is not set, the environment variable $TMPDIR is used. If $TMPDIR is not set then "/var/tmp" is used. 3.289. to_chars Type: string Default: " +TCFL" Controls the character used to indicate mail addressed to you. The first character is the one used when the mail is _n_o_t addressed to your address. The second is used when you are the only recipient of the message. The third is when your address appears in the "To:" header field, but you are not the only recipient of the message. The fourth character is used when your address is specified in the "Cc:" header field, but you are not the only recipient. The fifth character is used to indicate mail that was sent by _y_o_u. The sixth character is used to indicate when a mail was sent to a mailing-list you subscribe to. 3.290. tunnel Type: string Default: (empty) Setting this variable will cause mutt to open a pipe to a command instead of a raw socket. You may be able to use this to set up preauthenticated connections to your IMAP/POP3/SMTP server. Example: set tunnel="ssh -q mailhost.net /usr/local/libexec/imapd" Note: For this example to work you must be able to log in to the remote machine without having to enter a password. When set, Mutt uses the tunnel for all remote connections. Please see "aaccccoouunntt--hhooookk" in the manual for how to use different tunnel commands per connection. 3.291. uncollapse_jump Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, Mutt will jump to the next unread message, if any, when the current thread is _u_ncollapsed. 3.292. use_8bitmime Type: boolean Default: no _W_a_r_n_i_n_g_: do not set this variable unless you are using a version of sendmail which supports the -B8BITMIME flag (such as sendmail 8.8.x) or you may not be able to send mail. When _s_e_t, Mutt will invoke $$sseennddmmaaiill with the -B8BITMIME flag when sending 8-bit messages to enable ESMTP negotiation. 3.293. use_domain Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, Mutt will qualify all local addresses (ones without the "@host" portion) with the value of $$hhoossttnnaammee. If _u_n_s_e_t, no addresses will be qualified. 3.294. use_envelope_from Type: boolean Default: no When _s_e_t, mutt will set the _e_n_v_e_l_o_p_e sender of the message. If $$eennvveellooppee__ffrroomm__aaddddrreessss is _s_e_t, it will be used as the sender address. If _u_n_s_e_t, mutt will attempt to derive the sender from the "From:" header. Note that this information is passed to sendmail command using the -f command line switch. Therefore setting this option is not useful if the $$sseennddmmaaiill variable already contains -f or if the executable pointed to by $$sseennddmmaaiill doesn't support the -f switch. 3.295. use_from Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, Mutt will generate the "From:" header field when sending messages. If _u_n_s_e_t, no "From:" header field will be generated unless the user explicitly sets one using the "mmyy__hhddrr" command. 3.296. use_idn Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, Mutt will show you international domain names decoded. Note: You can use IDNs for addresses even if this is _u_n_s_e_t. This variable only affects decoding. 3.297. use_ipv6 Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, Mutt will look for IPv6 addresses of hosts it tries to contact. If this option is _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will restrict itself to IPv4 addresses. Normally, the default should work. 3.298. user_agent Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, mutt will add a "User-Agent:" header to outgoing messages, indicating which version of mutt was used for composing them. 3.299. visual Type: path Default: (empty) Specifies the visual editor to invoke when the "~v" command is given in the built-in editor. 3.300. wait_key Type: boolean Default: yes Controls whether Mutt will ask you to press a key after an external command has been invoked by these functions: <shell-escape>, <pipe-message>, <pipe-entry>, <print-message>, and <print-entry> commands. It is also used when viewing attachments with "aauuttoo__vviieeww", provided that the corresponding mailcap entry has a _n_e_e_d_s_t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l flag, and the external program is interactive. When _s_e_t, Mutt will always ask for a key. When _u_n_s_e_t, Mutt will wait for a key only if the external command returned a non-zero status. 3.301. weed Type: boolean Default: yes When _s_e_t, mutt will weed headers when displaying, forwarding, printing, or replying to messages. 3.302. wrap Type: number Default: 0 When set to a positive value, mutt will wrap text at $$wwrraapp characters. When set to a negative value, mutt will wrap text so that there are $$wwrraapp characters of empty space on the right side of the terminal. Setting it to zero makes mutt wrap at the terminal width. 3.303. wrap_headers Type: number Default: 78 This option specifies the number of characters to use for wrapping an outgoing message's headers. Allowed values are between 78 and 998 inclusive. _N_o_t_e_: This option usually shouldn't be changed. RFC5233 recommends a line length of 78 (the default), so _p_l_e_a_s_e_ _o_n_l_y_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _t_h_i_s_ _s_e_t_t_i_n_g _w_h_e_n_ _y_o_u_ _k_n_o_w_ _w_h_a_t_ _y_o_u_'_r_e_ _d_o_i_n_g. 3.304. wrap_search Type: boolean Default: yes Controls whether searches wrap around the end. When _s_e_t, searches will wrap around the first (or last) item. When _u_n_s_e_t, incremental searches will not wrap. 3.305. wrapmargin Type: number Default: 0 (DEPRECATED) Equivalent to setting $$wwrraapp with a negative value. 3.306. write_bcc Type: boolean Default: yes Controls whether mutt writes out the "Bcc:" header when preparing messages to be sent. Exim users may wish to unset this. If mutt is set to deliver directly via SMTP (see $$ssmmttpp__uurrll), this option does nothing: mutt will never write out the "Bcc:" header in this case. 3.307. write_inc Type: number Default: 10 When writing a mailbox, a message will be printed every $$wwrriittee__iinncc messages to indicate progress. If set to 0, only a single message will be displayed before writing a mailbox. Also see the $$rreeaadd__iinncc, $$nneett__iinncc and $$ttiimmee__iinncc variables and the "ttuunniinngg" section of the manual for performance considerations. 4. Functions The following is the list of available functions listed by the mapping in which they are available. The default key setting is given, and an explanation of what the function does. The key bindings of these functions can be changed with the bbiinndd command. 4.1. Generic Menu The _g_e_n_e_r_i_c menu is not a real menu, but specifies common functions (such as movement) available in all menus except for _p_a_g_e_r and _e_d_i_t_o_r. Changing settings for this menu will affect the default bindings for all menus (except as noted). _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._2_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _G_e_n_e_r_i_c_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <top-page> H move to the top of the page <next-entry> j move to the next entry <previous-entry> k move to the previous entry <bottom-page> L move to the bottom of the page <refresh> ^L clear and redraw the screen <middle-page> M move to the middle of the page <search-next> n search for next match <exit> q exit this menu <tag-entry> t tag the current entry <next-page> z move to the next page <previous-page> Z move to the previous page <last-entry> * move to the last entry <first-entry> = move to the first entry <enter-command> : enter a muttrc command <next-line> > scroll down one line <previous-line> < scroll up one line <half-up> [ scroll up 1/2 page <half-down> ] scroll down 1/2 page <help> ? this screen <tag-prefix> ; apply next function to tagged messages <tag-prefix-cond> apply next function ONLY to tagged messages <end-cond> end of conditional execution (noop) <shell-escape> ! invoke a command in a subshell <select-entry> <Return> select the current entry <search> / search for a regular expression <search-reverse> Esc / search backwards for a regular expression <search-opposite> search for next match in opposite direction <jump> jump to an index number <current-top> move entry to top of screen <current-middle> move entry to middle of screen <current-bottom> move entry to bottom of screen <what-key> display the keycode for a key press 4.2. Index Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._3_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _I_n_d_e_x_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <create-alias> a create an alias from a message sender <bounce-message> b remail a message to another user <break-thread> # break the thread in two <change-folder> c open a different folder <change-folder-readonly> Esc c open a different folder in read only mode <next-unread-mailbox> open next mailbox with new mail <collapse-thread> Esc v collapse/uncollapse current thread <collapse-all> Esc V collapse/uncollapse all threads <copy-message> C copy a message to a file/mailbox <decode-copy> Esc C make decoded (text/plain) copy <decode-save> Esc s make decoded copy (text/plain) and delete <delete-message> d delete the current entry <delete-pattern> D delete messages matching a pattern <delete-thread> ^D delete all messages in thread <delete-subthread> Esc d delete all messages in subthread <edit> e edit the raw message <edit-type> ^E edit attachment content type <forward-message> f forward a message with comments <flag-message> F toggle a message's 'important' flag <group-reply> g reply to all recipients <fetch-mail> G retrieve mail from POP server <imap-fetch-mail> force retrieval of mail from IMAP server <imap-logout-all> logout from all IMAP servers <display-toggle-weed> h display message and toggle header weeding <next-undeleted> j move to the next undeleted message <previous-undeleted> k move to the previous undeleted message <limit> l show only messages matching a pattern <link-threads> & link tagged message to the current one <list-reply> L reply to specified mailing list <mail> m compose a new mail message <toggle-new> N toggle a message's 'new' flag <toggle-write> % toggle whether the mailbox will be rewritten <next-thread> ^N jump to the next thread <next-subthread> Esc n jump to the next subthread <query> Q query external program for addresses <quit> q save changes to mailbox and quit <reply> r reply to a message <show-limit> Esc l show currently active limit pattern <sort-mailbox> o sort messages <sort-reverse> O sort messages in reverse order <print-message> p print the current entry <previous-thread> ^P jump to previous thread <previous-subthread> Esc p jump to previous subthread <recall-message> R recall a postponed message <read-thread> ^R mark the current thread as read <read-subthread> Esc r mark the current subthread as read <resend-message> Esc e use the current message as a template for a new one <save-message> s save message/attachment to a mailbox/file <tag-pattern> T tag messages matching a pattern <tag-subthread> tag the current subthread <tag-thread> Esc t tag the current thread <untag-pattern> ^T untag messages matching a pattern <undelete-message> u undelete the current entry <undelete-pattern> U undelete messages matching a pattern <undelete-subthread> Esc u undelete all messages in subthread <undelete-thread> ^U undelete all messages in thread <view-attachments> v show MIME attachments <show-version> V show the Mutt version number and date <set-flag> w set a status flag on a message <clear-flag> W clear a status flag from a message <display-message> <Return> display a message <buffy-list> . list mailboxes with new mail <sync-mailbox> $ save changes to mailbox <display-address> @ display full address of sender <pipe-message> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command <next-new> jump to the next new message <next-new-then-unread> <Tab> jump to the next new or unread message <previous-new> jump to the previous new message <previous-new-then-unread> Esc <Tab> jump to the previous new or unread message <next-unread> jump to the next unread message <previous-unread> jump to the previous unread message <parent-message> P jump to parent message in thread <extract-keys> ^K extract supported public keys <forget-passphrase> ^F wipe passphrase(s) from memory <check-traditional-pgp> Esc P check for classic PGP <mail-key> Esc k mail a PGP public key <decrypt-copy> make decrypted copy <decrypt-save> make decrypted copy and delete 4.3. Pager Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._4_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _P_a_g_e_r_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <break-thread> # break the thread in two <create-alias> a create an alias from a message sender <bounce-message> b remail a message to another user <change-folder> c open a different folder <change-folder-readonly> Esc c open a different folder in read only mode <next-unread-mailbox> open next mailbox with new mail <copy-message> C copy a message to a file/mailbox <decode-copy> Esc C make decoded (text/plain) copy <delete-message> d delete the current entry <delete-thread> ^D delete all messages in thread <delete-subthread> Esc d delete all messages in subthread <set-flag> w set a status flag on a message <clear-flag> W clear a status flag from a message <edit> e edit the raw message <edit-type> ^E edit attachment content type <forward-message> f forward a message with comments <flag-message> F toggle a message's 'important' flag <group-reply> g reply to all recipients <imap-fetch-mail> force retrieval of mail from IMAP server <imap-logout-all> logout from all IMAP servers <display-toggle-weed> h display message and toggle header weeding <next-undeleted> j move to the next undeleted message <next-entry> J move to the next entry <previous-undeleted> k move to the previous undeleted message <previous-entry> K move to the previous entry <link-threads> & link tagged message to the current one <list-reply> L reply to specified mailing list <redraw-screen> ^L clear and redraw the screen <mail> m compose a new mail message <mark-as-new> N toggle a message's 'new' flag <search-next> n search for next match <next-thread> ^N jump to the next thread <next-subthread> Esc n jump to the next subthread <sort-mailbox> o sort messages <sort-reverse> O sort messages in reverse order <print-message> p print the current entry <previous-thread> ^P jump to previous thread <previous-subthread> Esc p jump to previous subthread <quit> Q save changes to mailbox and quit <exit> q exit this menu <reply> r reply to a message <recall-message> R recall a postponed message <read-thread> ^R mark the current thread as read <read-subthread> Esc r mark the current subthread as read <resend-message> Esc e use the current message as a template for a new one <save-message> s save message/attachment to a mailbox/file <skip-quoted> S skip beyond quoted text <decode-save> Esc s make decoded copy (text/plain) and delete <tag-message> t tag the current entry <toggle-quoted> T toggle display of quoted text <undelete-message> u undelete the current entry <undelete-subthread> Esc u undelete all messages in subthread <undelete-thread> ^U undelete all messages in thread <view-attachments> v show MIME attachments <show-version> V show the Mutt version number and date <search-toggle> \\ toggle search pattern coloring <display-address> @ display full address of sender <next-new> jump to the next new message <pipe-message> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command <help> ? this screen <next-page> <Space> move to the next page <previous-page> - move to the previous page <top> ^ jump to the top of the message <sync-mailbox> $ save changes to mailbox <shell-escape> ! invoke a command in a subshell <enter-command> : enter a muttrc command <buffy-list> . list mailboxes with new mail <search> / search for a regular expression <search-reverse> Esc / search backwards for a regular expression <search-opposite> search for next match in opposite direction <next-line> <Return> scroll down one line <jump> jump to an index number <next-unread> jump to the next unread message <previous-new> jump to the previous new message <previous-unread> jump to the previous unread message <half-up> scroll up 1/2 page <half-down> scroll down 1/2 page <previous-line> scroll up one line <bottom> jump to the bottom of the message <parent-message> P jump to parent message in thread <check-traditional-pgp> Esc P check for classic PGP <mail-key> Esc k mail a PGP public key <extract-keys> ^K extract supported public keys <forget-passphrase> ^F wipe passphrase(s) from memory <decrypt-copy> make decrypted copy <decrypt-save> make decrypted copy and delete <what-key> display the keycode for a key press 4.4. Alias Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._5_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _A_l_i_a_s_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <delete-entry> d delete the current entry <undelete-entry> u undelete the current entry 4.5. Query Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._6_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _Q_u_e_r_y_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <create-alias> a create an alias from a message sender <mail> m compose a new mail message <query> Q query external program for addresses <query-append> A append new query results to current results 4.6. Attachment Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._7_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _A_t_t_a_c_h_m_e_n_t_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <bounce-message> b remail a message to another user <display-toggle-weed> h display message and toggle header weeding <edit-type> ^E edit attachment content type <print-entry> p print the current entry <save-entry> s save message/attachment to a mailbox/file <pipe-entry> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command <view-mailcap> m force viewing of attachment using mailcap <reply> r reply to a message <resend-message> Esc e use the current message as a template for a new one <group-reply> g reply to all recipients <list-reply> L reply to specified mailing list <forward-message> f forward a message with comments <view-text> T view attachment as text <view-attach> <Return> view attachment using mailcap entry if necessary <delete-entry> d delete the current entry <undelete-entry> u undelete the current entry <collapse-parts> v Toggle display of subparts <check-traditional-pgp> Esc P check for classic PGP <extract-keys> ^K extract supported public keys <forget-passphrase> ^F wipe passphrase(s) from memory 4.7. Compose Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._8_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _C_o_m_p_o_s_e_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <attach-file> a attach file(s) to this message <attach-message> A attach message(s) to this message <edit-bcc> b edit the BCC list <edit-cc> c edit the CC list <copy-file> C save message/attachment to a mailbox/file <detach-file> D delete the current entry <toggle-disposition> ^D toggle disposition between inline/attachment <edit-description> d edit attachment description <edit-message> e edit the message <edit-headers> E edit the message with headers <edit-file> ^X e edit the file to be attached <edit-encoding> ^E edit attachment transfer-encoding <edit-from> Esc f edit the from field <edit-fcc> f enter a file to save a copy of this message in <filter-entry> F filter attachment through a shell command <get-attachment> G get a temporary copy of an attachment <display-toggle-weed> h display message and toggle header weeding <ispell> i run ispell on the message <print-entry> l print the current entry <edit-mime> m edit attachment using mailcap entry <new-mime> n compose new attachment using mailcap entry <postpone-message> P save this message to send later <edit-reply-to> r edit the Reply-To field <rename-file> R rename/move an attached file <edit-subject> s edit the subject of this message <edit-to> t edit the TO list <edit-type> ^T edit attachment content type <write-fcc> w write the message to a folder <toggle-unlink> u toggle whether to delete file after sending it <toggle-recode> toggle recoding of this attachment <update-encoding> U update an attachment's encoding info <view-attach> <Return> view attachment using mailcap entry if necessary <send-message> y send the message <pipe-entry> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command <attach-key> Esc k attach a PGP public key <pgp-menu> p show PGP options <forget-passphrase> ^F wipe passphrase(s) from memory <smime-menu> S show S/MIME options <mix> M send the message through a mixmaster remailer chain 4.8. Postpone Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._9_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _P_o_s_t_p_o_n_e_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <delete-entry> d delete the current entry <undelete-entry> u undelete the current entry 4.9. Browser Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._1_0_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _B_r_o_w_s_e_r_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <change-dir> c change directories <display-filename> @ display the currently selected file's name <enter-mask> m enter a file mask <sort> o sort messages <sort-reverse> O sort messages in reverse order <select-new> N select a new file in this directory <check-new> check mailboxes for new mail <toggle-mailboxes> <Tab> toggle whether to browse mailboxes or all files <view-file> <Space> view file <buffy-list> . list mailboxes with new mail <create-mailbox> C create a new mailbox (IMAP only) <delete-mailbox> d delete the current mailbox (IMAP only) <rename-mailbox> r rename the current mailbox (IMAP only) <subscribe> s subscribe to current mailbox (IMAP only) <unsubscribe> u unsubscribe from current mailbox (IMAP only) <toggle-subscribed> T toggle view all/subscribed mailboxes (IMAP only) 4.10. Pgp Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._1_1_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _P_g_p_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <verify-key> c verify a PGP public key <view-name> % view the key's user id 4.11. Smime Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._1_2_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _S_m_i_m_e_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <verify-key> c verify a PGP public key <view-name> % view the key's user id 4.12. Mixmaster Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._1_3_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _M_i_x_m_a_s_t_e_r_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <accept> <Return> Accept the chain constructed <append> a Append a remailer to the chain <insert> i Insert a remailer into the chain <delete> d Delete a remailer from the chain <chain-prev> <Left> Select the previous element of the chain <chain-next> <Right> Select the next element of the chain 4.13. Editor Menu _T_a_b_l_e_ _9_._1_4_._ _D_e_f_a_u_l_t_ _E_d_i_t_o_r_ _M_e_n_u_ _B_i_n_d_i_n_g_s Function Default key Description <bol> ^A jump to the beginning of the line <backward-char> ^B move the cursor one character to the left <backward-word> Esc b move the cursor to the beginning of the word <capitalize-word> Esc c capitalize the word <downcase-word> Esc l convert the word to lower case <upcase-word> Esc u convert the word to upper case <delete-char> ^D delete the char under the cursor <eol> ^E jump to the end of the line <forward-char> ^F move the cursor one character to the right <forward-word> Esc f move the cursor to the end of the word <backspace> <Backspace> delete the char in front of the cursor <kill-eol> ^K delete chars from cursor to end of line <kill-eow> Esc d delete chars from the cursor to the end of the word <kill-line> ^U delete all chars on the line <quote-char> ^V quote the next typed key <kill-word> ^W delete the word in front of the cursor <complete> <Tab> complete filename or alias <complete-query> ^T complete address with query <buffy-cycle> <Space> cycle among incoming mailboxes <history-up> scroll up through the history list <history-down> scroll down through the history list <transpose-chars> transpose character under cursor with previous Chapter 10. Miscellany _T_a_b_l_e_ _o_f_ _C_o_n_t_e_n_t_s 11..  AAcckknnoowwlleeddggeemmeennttss 22..  AAbboouutt  TThhiiss  DDooccuummeenntt 1. Acknowledgements Kari Hurtta <kkaarrii..hhuurrttttaa@@ffmmii..ffii> co-developed the original MIME parsing code back in the ELM-ME days. The following people have been very helpful to the development of Mutt: * Vikas Agnihotri <vviikkaassaa@@wwrriitteemmee..ccoomm> * Francois Berjon <FFrraannccooiiss..BBeerrjjoonn@@aaaarr..aallccaatteell--aallsstthhoomm..ffrr> * Aric Blumer <aarriicc@@ffoorree..ccoomm> * John Capo <jjcc@@iirrbbss..ccoomm> * David Champion <ddggcc@@uucchhiiccaaggoo..eedduu> * Brendan Cully <bbrreennddaann@@kkuubbllaaii..ccoomm> * Liviu Daia <ddaaiiaa@@ssttooiillooww..iimmaarr..rroo> * Thomas E. Dickey <ddiicckkeeyy@@hheerrnnddoonn44..hhiiss..ccoomm> * David DeSimone <ffooxx@@ccoonnvveexx..hhpp..ccoomm> * Nickolay N. Dudorov <nnnndd@@wwiinntt..iittffss..nnsskk..ssuu> * Ruslan Ermilov <rruu@@ffrreeeebbssdd..oorrgg> * Edmund Grimley Evans <eeddmmuunnddoo@@rraannoo..oorrgg> * Michael Finken <ffiinnkkeenn@@ccoonnwwaarree..ddee> * Sven Guckes <gguucckkeess@@mmaatthh..ffuu--bbeerrlliinn..ddee> * Lars Hecking <llhheecckkiinngg@@nnmmrrcc..iiee> * Mark Holloman <hhoolllloommaann@@nnaannddoo..nneett> * Andreas Holzmann <hhoollzzmmaannnn@@ffmmii..uunnii--ppaassssaauu..ddee> * Marco d'Itri <mmdd@@lliinnuuxx..iitt> * Bjoern Jacke <bbjjaacckkee@@ssuussee..ccoomm> * Byrial Jensen <bbyyrriiaall@@iimmaaggee..ddkk> * David Jeske <jjeesskkee@@iiggccoomm..nneett> * Christophe Kalt <kkaalltt@@hhuuggoo..iinntt--eevvrryy..ffrr> * Tommi Komulainen <TToommmmii..KKoommuullaaiinneenn@@iikkii..ffii> * Felix von Leitner (a.k.a "Fefe") <lleeiittnneerr@@mmaatthh..ffuu--bbeerrlliinn..ddee> * Brandon Long <bblloonngg@@ffiiccttiioonn..nneett> * Jimmy Maekelae <jjmmyy@@ffllaasshhbbaacckk..nneett> * Lars Marowsky-Bree <llmmbb@@ppooiinntteerr..iinn--mmiinnddeenn..ddee> * Thomas "Mike" Michlmayr <mmiikkee@@ccoossyy..ssbbgg..aacc..aatt> * Andrew W. Nosenko <aawwnn@@bbccss..zzpp..uuaa> * David O'Brien <oobbrriieenn@@NNuuxxii..ccss..uuccddaavviiss..eedduu> * Clint Olsen <oollsseenncc@@iicchhiippss..iinntteell..ccoomm> * Park Myeong Seok <ppmmss@@rroommaannccee..kkaaiisstt..aacc..kkrr> * Thomas Parmelan <ttoomm@@aannkkhh..ffrr..eeuu..oorrgg> * Ollivier Robert <rroobbeerrttoo@@kkeellttiiaa..ffrreeeenniixx..ffrr> * Thomas Roessler <rrooeesssslleerr@@ddooeess--nnoott--eexxiisstt..oorrgg> * Roland Rosenfeld <rroollaanndd@@ssppiinnnnaakkeerr..ddee> * Rocco Rutte <ppddmmeeff@@ggmmxx..nneett> * TAKIZAWA Takashi <ttaakkii@@lluunnaa..eemmaaiill..nnee..jjpp> * Allain Thivillon <AAllllaaiinn..TThhiivviilllloonn@@aallmmaa..ffrr> * Gero Treuner <ggeerroo@@7700tt..ddee> * Vsevolod Volkov <vvvvvv@@lluucckkyy..nneett> * Ken Weinert <kkeennww@@iihhss..ccoomm> 2. About This Document This document was written in DDooccBBooookk, and then rendered using the GGnnoommee XXSSLLTT  ttoooollkkiitt.

Copyright ©2k19 - Hexid | Tex7ure